PROKARYOTE

S
VS.
EUKARYOTES
DAY 1
 Today, you
will...
identify the difference and
similarities between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells

label the cellular structures of

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

compare and contrast the function of

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Fill in the blanks with the names of the cell parts listed below.
How
many names can you fill in without looking at the list?
Prokaryotic One of the major difference between eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cells is the existence of membrane-bound
versus organelles, such as the nucleus, in eukaryotic cells.
Nucleus has the role of keeping DNA or the genetic
Eukaryotic make-up of all the living things.

Cells Meanwhile, prokaryotic cells having no nucleus float its

DNA inside them.

prokaryote eukaryote
 Prokaryote
vs.Eukaryote Humans have about
37.2 trillion cells!

Another difference between the two is on Humans are

their cell type. Most of the prokaryotes are multicellular
unicellular, such as bacteria and archaea, organisms.
though, some cyanobacteria maybe
multicellular.
On the other hand eukaryotes are usually Euglena is a
multicellular such as animals and plants. unicellular
organism.
Furthermore, single-celled eukaryotes
mainly belongs to protozoa, fungi and
algae. In terms of cellular size, prokaryotic
is tend to be smaller at 1-10μm than
eukaryotic at 10-100μm. These lists of
differences makes the eukaryotic cells
more complex than the prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryote vs.
Eukaryote
Despite of their differences, prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells do have some common on their cellular structure.
Both cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes,
cytoplasm, and DNA.

Each of them provide function for cell protection,

creation of protein, metabolic process, and genetic
storage. Meanwhile, it is also important to note that
organisms with prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes
likewise, cells in the eukaryotic organisms are called
eukaryotes.
 Guide Questions
Written Task 1. How do eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cell differ in
Cell organelles: Put Me In! Instructions: Cut the terms of their Cellular
organelles listed below and place it into one of the three
structure?
sections of the Venn diagram
2. How do this difference
and similarities affect their
function as the basic unit of
life.
CELL TYPES
AND
MODIFICATIO
NS
DAY 2
REVIEW
PROKARYOTE OR
Directions: below is an EUKARYOTE
animated sample images of 1.With true nucleus
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. 2.membrane bound
Write Prokaryote for organelles
prokaryotic cell feature, write 3.for unicellular organism
Eukaryote for a eukaryotic cell 4.have polysaccharides
feature and write Both if the capsule
structure can be found in both 5.have DNA and
prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
ribosomes
6.have a gel like
cytoplasm
7.smaller in terms or size
8.microscopic
9.cell of multicellular
organism
10.more complex in
terms of structure and
function
 Plant and Animal
Tissue
Tissues form organs which combine to allow organisms to
exist. Plant and animal cells have structures related to
their functions. Plant tissues are broadly divided into
dividing or meristematic and permanent tissues.
Animal tissues are made up of embryonic tissue that can
be divided into two kinds of stem cells: 1. Embryonic
stem cells- tissue in an embryo that produces all other
tissues during growth; 2. Adult stem cells- tissue in adult
that produces new tissue cells to replace old and
damaged ones; 3. Permanent tissue which consists the
four major animal tissues- epithelial, connective, muscle
and nerve tissue
Types of
Animal
Tissues
A. Epithelial tissue

are characterized by closely-joined cells

(i.e., a type of cell modification). Being
tightly packed, tight junctions serve as
barriers for pathogens, mechanical injuries,
and fluid loss.
The cells that make up epithelial tissues
can have distinct arrangements:
1. cuboidal - for secretion;
2. simple columnar - brick-shaped cells; for
secretion and active absorption;
3. simple squamous - plate-like cells; for
exchange of material through diffusion;
4. stratified squamous - multilayered and
regenerates quickly; for protection;
5. pseudo-stratified columnar - single layer
of cells; may just look stacked because of
varying height; for lining of respiratory
tract; usually lined with cilia (i.e., a type of
cell modification that sweeps the mucus)
B. Muscle tissue

These tissues are composed of long cells

called muscle fibers that allow the body to
move voluntary or involuntary.
Movement of muscles is a response to signals
coming from nerve cells. In vertebrates, these
muscles can be categorized into the following:
1. skeletal - striated; voluntary movements;
2. cardiac - striated with intercalated disk for
synchronized heart contraction; involuntary;
and 3. smooth - not striated; involuntary
C. Connective tissue

1. Blood - made up of plasma (i.e., liquid extracellular

matrix); contains water, salts, and dissolved proteins;
erythrocytes that carry oxygen (RBC), leukocytes for
defense (WBC), and platelets for blood clotting.
2. Connective Tissue Proper (CPT)- made up of loose
connective tissue that is found in the skin and fibrous
connective tissue that is made up of collagenous fibers
found in tendons and ligaments. Adipose tissues are
also examples of loose connective tissues that store
fats, which functions to insulate the body and store
energy
3. Cartilage —characterized by collagenous fibers
embedded in chondroitin sulfate. Chondrocytes are the
cells that secrete collagen and chondroitin sulfate.
Cartilage functions as a cushion between bones
4. Bone—mineralized connective tissue made of bone-
forming cells called osteoblasts which deposit collagen.
The matrix of collagen is combined with calcium,
magnesium, and phosphate ions to make the bone
hard. Blood vessels and nerves are found in a central
canal surrounded by concentric circles of osteons.
D. Nervous Tissue

These tissues are composed of nerve cells called

neurons and glial cells that function as support
cells. These neurons sense stimuli and transmit
electrical signals throughout the animal body.
Neurons connect to other neurons to send
signals. The dendrite is the part of the neuron
that receives impulses from other neurons while
the axon is the part where the impulse is
transmitted to other neurons.
 Types of Plant Tissues

Plant tissues, primarily function

is to give structural support to
the plant, as plants are
stationary. Plant tissues can be
divided differently into two
types; Meristematic tissues and
permanent tissues.
 A.
Meristematic
Tissues
It consists of actively
dividing cells that lead to the
increase in length and
thickness of the plant.
The primary growth of a
plant occurs only in certain,
specific regions, such as in
the tips of stems or roots. It
is in these regions that
meristematic tissue is
present.
The cells in these tissues are
roughly spherical to
rectangular in shape, and
have thin cell walls. New
cells produced by meristem
are initially those of
meristem itself, but as the
new cells grow and mature,
their characteristics slowly
A. Meristematic Tissues
1. Apical meristem- It is present at the growing tips
of stems and roots and increases the length of the
stem and root. They form growing parts at the
apices of roots and stems and are responsible for
increase in length, also called primary growth. This
meristem is responsible for the linear growth of an
organ.
2. Lateral meristem- This meristem consist of cells,
which mainly divide in one plane and cause the
organ to increase in diameter and grows. Lateral
meristem usually occurs beneath the bark.
3. Intercalary Meristem - This meristem is located in
between permanent tissues. It is usually present at
the base of the node, inter node and on leaf base.
They are responsible for growth in length of the
plant and increasing the size of the internode, They
result in branch formation and growth.
 B. Permanent Tissues
1. Simple Permanent tissues- A group of cells which
are similar in origin; similar in structure and similar
in function. They are of three types; Parenchyma,
Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma.

a. Parenchyma- Parenchyma (para - 'beside'; chyma

- 'in filling, loose, unpacked') is the bulk of a
substance. In plants, it consists of relatively
unspecialized living cells with thin cell walls.
 B. Permanent Tissues
b. Collenchyma- Collenchyma is Greek word where
"Collen" means gum and "chyma" means infusion.
This tissue gives a tensile strength of the plant and
the cells are compactly arranged and have very little
inter-cellular spaces. It occurs chiefly in the
hypodermis of stems and leaves. It is absent in
monocots and in roots.
c. Sclerenchyma- Sclerenchyma is Greek word
where "Sclerenes" means hard and "chyma" means
infusion. This tissue consists of thick-walled, dead
cells. These cells have hard and extremely thick
secondary walls due to uniform distribution of lignin.
Lignin deposition is so thick that the cell walls
become strong, rigid and impermeable to water
 B. Complex
Permanent
Tissue
The complex tissue consists of
more than one type of cells,
which work together as a unit.
Complex tissues help in the
transportation of organic
material, water and minerals up
and down the plants. That is
why it is also known as
conducting and vascular tissue.
The common types of complex
permanent tissue are: Xylem
and Phloem.
 B. Complex
Permanent
Tissue
a. Xylem- consists of a variety of
specialized, water-conducting cells
known as trachea elements. A
vascular tissue that conveys water
and dissolved minerals from the
roots to the rest of the plant and
provides physical support also.

b. Phloem- It is composed of various

specialized cells called sieve tubes,
companion cells, phloem fibers, and
phloem parenchyma cells. This are
tissues in plants that conduct foods
made in the leaves to all other parts
of the plant.
 B. Complex
Permanent
Tissue
a. Xylem- consists of a variety of
specialized, water-conducting cells
known as trachea elements. A
vascular tissue that conveys water
and dissolved minerals from the
roots to the rest of the plant and
provides physical support also.

b. Phloem- It is composed of various

specialized cells called sieve tubes,
companion cells, phloem fibers, and
phloem parenchyma cells. This are
tissues in plants that conduct foods
made in the leaves to all other parts
of the plant.
 What you need • Cut-outs of the
different cell structure (you can draw
if printer is not available), cardboard
(carton boxes or used folders), art
materials, adhesion tape or glue.
Performance Task What you have to do 1. Gather all the
needed materials. 2. Make about 10
or more rectangular flash cards/task
cards (depending on how many cell
Make a task cards or game cards. These task structures that you are going to
cards is a great way in improving the include, but it is more accurate if you
knowledge with the similarities and include all the cell structure) from
recyclable cardboards with 5”x4”
differences between prokaryotes and
size.
eukaryotes. The materials and instructions 3. Draw or print the different cell
will be given below. Your output will be structure in a bond paper. 4. Your cut-
graded using the attached rubric outs or drawings will look like this
(image below); the image below is
equivalent to 12 task cards already.
Performance Task
Make a task cards or game cards. These task
cards is a great way in improving the
knowledge of the cell. The materials and
instructions will be given below. Your output
will be graded using the attached rubric
GROUP 1 - MICROSCOPE
GROUP 2 – CELL THEORY
GROUP 3 – CELL ORGANELLES
GROUP 4 – PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES
GROUP 5 – CELL TYPES
CATCH-UP FRIDAY
Build an Organ.
You will be engaged in a cut and paste activity which also involves
reading
comprehension. Use your comprehension to match the types of cell
Whatand
youtissues
have to do
requiredfor
1. Read the description to each
build of
five different
the organs organs.
described on this page
and the
following pages. The descriptions give you hints on what cells and
tissues are
required to make up each organ.
2. Cut out the cells and tissues in the ‘Cell and Tissues’ section.
3. Decide which cells and tissues are required for each organ. Paste
them in the
spaces below with the most distinguishing tissue or cell of that organ.
There
are no spare cells or tissues. Glue the cell pictures first before the
CATCH-UP FRIDAY
Build an Organ.
You will be engaged in a cut and paste activity which also involves
reading
Skin
comprehension. Use your comprehension to match the types of cell
The skin is the largest organ and of the human body. It is responsible for
tissues
1. The Heart The heart’s
requiredjob
to isprotection
to pump
build blood throughout
five different organs. the body. It is a
from pathogens,
muscular regulation
organ that of bodyof
has a network temperature and used
nervous tissue prevention of
to conduct
excessive
electrical signals to control water rhythm. The heart has a
the pumping
loss. The skin
supportive contains
fibrous layersand
framework of cells heldoftogether
a series by aare
valves that network
made of
from
connective
connective tissue. Blood is supplied to the heart muscle by a network of
tissue. Nerve endings allow for the blood
coronary perception of heat, pressure and pain.
vessels.
A
network of capillaries nourishes deeper layers of the skin.