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Apomixis.

The document discusses apomixis, a form of asexual seed formation where embryos develop without fertilization, resulting in genetically identical plants. It outlines various types and classifications of apomixis, including facultative and obligate apomixis, and highlights its applications, advantages, and challenges in utilization. The content is structured with sections on detection methods and references for further reading.

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11 views11 pages

Apomixis.

The document discusses apomixis, a form of asexual seed formation where embryos develop without fertilization, resulting in genetically identical plants. It outlines various types and classifications of apomixis, including facultative and obligate apomixis, and highlights its applications, advantages, and challenges in utilization. The content is structured with sections on detection methods and references for further reading.

Uploaded by

chelsirinu6293
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GOVT SUKHRAM NAGE COLLEGE

NAGRI
DISTT DHAMTARI (C.G.)

Session – 2024 – 25
Paper 1 Plant Reproduction and
Utilization of Resources
Topic – Apomixis

Guided by – Presented by
Asst.prof.K.Naik Tames kumar
HoD(Botany) Msc4th sem.
(Botany)
• Content
• Introduction
• Types of Apomixis
• Classification of Apomixis
• Detection of Apomixis
• Application of Apomixis
• Advantages of Apomixis
• Problem in utilisation of Apomixis
• Reference
• Introduction:
• Apomixis – Apomixis a Greek word.
• Apo = without,Mixis = Mixing.
• This term was given by wrinkler.
• Definition : In apomixis, seed are formed but the
embryos developed without fertilization.
• Consequently the plants resulting from such seeds are
identical in genotype with each other and with the
parent plant.
• In Apomixis seed species, sexual reproduction is either
suppressed or absent.
• Types of Apomixis:
• Facultative Apomixis: When sexual reproduction also
occur, the apomixis is termed as facultative apomixis.
• Obligate apomixis: When sexual reproduction is
absent it is referred to as abligate apomixis many crop
species show apomixis,but it is generally facultative.
• Non-recurrent apomixis: When embryos arise from
haploid cells apomixis is termed as non recurrent,
because the progeny is so obtained cannot be
maintained further.
• Recurrent Apomixis: When embryos arise from diploid
cells, apomixis is called recurrent since the progeny is
so obtained, can be perpetuated indefinitely.
• Classification of Apomixis are as follows
1. Adventive Embryony: In this case, embryos develop
directly from vegetative cells of the ovules ,such as
nucellus Integument and chalaza, and it does not
involve production of embryo sac. Eg-mango , citrus
orchids.

Fig- embryo sac.


2 .Diplospory: Embryo sac is produced from the
megaspore , which may haploid or generally diploid.
3 .Apospory: Some vegetative cells or sporophytic cell of
the ovule develop into unreduced embryo sac, through a
series of mitotic divisions and without meiosis.Eg- some
species of Hieraceum, orchids.
4. ApogamyEmbryo sac is produced from the
megaspore , which may haploid or generally diploid.
5. Parthenogenesis : Development of from egg cells
without fertilization.
6. Psedogamy : In such cases, pollination is necessary
for every embryo development, but fertilization of the egg
cell does not takes place.
7. Androgenesis : In many species ,Eg-
Nicotina,Datura,Rice,etc.
Pollen grains may be induced in vitro to produce a
haploid embryo or plantlets , This is called Androgenesis.
• Detection of Apomixis:
• In case of obligate apomixis, all the progeny from across
resemble the female parent.
• In case of facultative apomixis percentage of progeny
that are identical to the female parent give the degree
of Apomixis.
• In a selfed generation presence of plant showing no
inbreeding depression is indicative of apomixis.
• Presence of multiple siblings indicate apomixis.
• The presence of more than one embryo sac in an ovule
is an important indicators of apomixis.
• Application of Apomixis:
• Fixation of heterosis.
• Production of homozygous line.
• Development of phenotypically stable populations
called as vabrids.
• Vibrid- A hybrid is a progeny obtained from cross
between two facultative apomixis.
• Advantages of Apomixis:
• Obligate apomixis permits fixation of heterosis in the
hybrids.
• The new hybrid variety could be multiplied from few
hybrid seeds in the same manner pure line.
• The nuclear seed of hybrid varieties can be
conveniently maintained as hybrid varieties.
• Problem in utilization of Apomixis:
• Apomixis is very complicated phenomenon.
• Estimation of the level of apomixis, In case of
facultative apomixis in very time consuming.
• The genetic basis of Apomixis is not clear in most cases.
• Reference
• Nogler, G. A. (1984). Gametophytic apomixis. In
Embryology of angiosperms (pp. 475-518). Springer
Berlin,heidlberg.
THANK YOU

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