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Networking 5

The TCP/IP model is a four-layer network model that includes the Network Access, Internet, Transport, and Application layers, each serving specific functions in data communication. It is also known as the DARPA model, developed by the U.S. Department of Defense. The document outlines the roles of each layer and the core protocols associated with them, such as TCP, UDP, IP, and various application protocols like HTTP and FTP.

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3 views

Networking 5

The TCP/IP model is a four-layer network model that includes the Network Access, Internet, Transport, and Application layers, each serving specific functions in data communication. It is also known as the DARPA model, developed by the U.S. Department of Defense. The document outlines the roles of each layer and the core protocols associated with them, such as TCP, UDP, IP, and various application protocols like HTTP and FTP.

Uploaded by

etiusenjohn587
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 5

Topic: The TCP/IP Model

03/29/25 1
The TCP/IP Model
The TCP/IP model is a four-layer network
model similar to the seven-layer OSI reference
model.

Each layer is devoted to a specific function.

The data communication process in the TCP/IP


layers is similar to the one in the OSI layers

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The TCP/IP Model
Also known as the DARPA model, named after
the U.S government agency that initially
developed TCP/IP

N.B
US Department of Defense Advanced Research Project
Agency DARPA

03/29/25 3
Unlike the OSI reference model, the TCP/IP model defines four
layers—the Network Access layer, the Internet layer, the
Transport layer, and the Application layer.

Layers of the TCP/IP network model

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TCP/IP PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE
OSI TCP/IP TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITES
Model Protocol
Layers Architecture
Layers
Application

Application Telnet FTP SMTP DNS RIP


Presentation Layer

Session

Transport Transport TCP UDP


Layer
Network Internet ARP IP ICMP
Layer
Datalink Network Ethernet Token Frame ATM
Interface Ring Relay
Physical Layer
03/29/25 5
Layer Functions

Layer 1: The Network This layer correlates to layers 1 and


Interface Layer
2 of the OSI reference model. The
Network Interface layer is
responsible placing TCP packets on
the network. and receiving TCP
packets off the network.
TCP/IP was designed to be
independent of network access
method, frame format and medium.
In this way, TCP/IP can be used to
connect different network types i.e
Ethernet, Token Ring, X.25 and
Frame Relay.
The Network Interface layer is also referred to
as the Network Access layer
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Layer Functions
Layer 2: The Internet Layer
The Internet layer is
responsible for
addressing, packaging
and routing function.
The core protocols of the
internet layers are IP,
ARP, ICMP

The Internet layer


corresponds to layer 3 of
the OSI reference model,
the Network layer.
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• The Internet Protocol is responsible for IP
addressing, fragmentation and re-assembly
of packet.
• The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is
responsible for the resolution of the internet
layer address to the network interface layer
address, such as a hardware address.
• The Internet Control Message Protocol
(ICMP) is responsible for providing
diagnostic functions and error reporting
regarding the delivery of IP packets.
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Layer Functions

Layer 3: The Transport Layer The Transport layer of the


TCP/IP model corresponds to
the Transport layer of the OSI
reference model.

This layer is responsible for


providing the application
layer with session and
datagram communication
services. .

The core protocols of the


Xport layer are :
Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) and User
03/29/25 9
Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• TCP provides a connection-oriented, reliable
communication services. TCP is responsible for
the establishment of a TCP connection, the
sequencing, acknowledgement of packet sent
and the recovery of packet lost during
transmission.
• UDP(User datagram protocol) provide a
connectionless, unreliable communication
services. UDP is used when the amount of data
to be transferred is small or when the overhead
(or all that is involved ) of establishing a TCP
connection is not desired.
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Layer Functions

Layer 4: The Application Layer The TCP/IP Application layer


corresponds to the OSI
reference model’s Session,
Presentation, and Application
layers.
The Application layer
provides applications the
ability to access the services
of the other layers and defines
the protocols (Telnet, FTP,
STMP etc) that applications
use to exchange data.
There are many Application
layer protocols and new
03/29/25
protocols are always being 11
The most widely known application protocols are
those used for the exchange of user information:

•HTTP: The Hyper Text Transfer Protocol – Used


to transfer files that make up the web pages of the
World Wide Web.

•FTP : The File Transfer Protocol – used for


interactive file transfer ( Gopher, WAIS wide
area information service )

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•TELNET: a terminal emulation protocol used for
remote login to network host

•SMTP ( Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) – Used


for the transfer of mail messages and attachments.

•DNS ( The Domain Name System) – Used to


resolve a host name to an IP address.

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•RIP ( Routing Information Protocol) – a routing
protocol that routers use to exchange information.

•SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)


– Used between Network Management console
and network devices ( routers, brigdes etc) to
collect and exchange network management
information.

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THE END

03/29/25 15
ASSIGNMENT

Write about Network Protocols


Section 2.4
Pages 53-59

03/29/25 16

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