Lecture 5

The concept of human needs

and motivation(Maslow
pyramid)

YESSENKOZHA YENGLIK MUKHAMETKALIKYZY

The concept of human needs
and motivation(Maslow pyramid)

Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs is one of the best-known

theories of motivation. Maslow's theory states that our actions are
motivated by certain physiological needs. It is often represented by
a pyramid of needs, with the most basic needs at the bottom and
more complex needs at the top.
What Is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
The concept of human
needs and
motivation(Maslow pyramid)
Abraham Maslow first introduced the concept of a hierarchy of
needs in his 1943 paper titled "A Theory of Human
Motivation," and again in his subsequent book, Motivation and
Personality. This hierarchy suggests that people are motivated
to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced
needs.
The concept of
human needs
and
motivation(Masl
ow pyramid)
The original hierarchy of needs five-
stage model includes:
Maslow (1943, 1954) stated that
people are motivated to achieve
certain needs and that some needs
take precedence over others.
Our most basic need is for physical
survival, and this will be the first thing
that motivates our behavior. Once
that level is fulfilled the next level up
is what motivates us, and so on.
The concept of human
needs and
motivation(Maslow pyramid)
1. Physiological needs - these are biological
requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food,
drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep.
If these needs are not satisfied the human body
cannot function optimally. Maslow considered
physiological needs the most important as all
the other needs become secondary until these
needs are met.
The concept of human needs and
motivation(Maslow pyramid)
2. Safety needs - once an individual’s physiological needs are
satisfied, the needs for security and safety become salient.
People want to experience order, predictability and control in
their lives. These needs can be fulfilled by the family and
society (e.g. police, schools, business and medical care).
For example, emotional security, financial security (e.g.
employment, social welfare), law and order, freedom from
fear, social stability, property, health and wellbeing (e.g. safety
against accidents and injury)
3. Love and belongingness
needs -
3. Love and belongingness needs - after physiological and
safety needs have been fulfilled, the third level of human
needs is social and involves feelings of belongingness.
Belongingness, refers to a human emotional need for
interpersonal relationships, affiliating, connectedness, and
being part of a group.
Examples of belongingness needs include friendship,
intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving
affection, and love.
4. Esteem
needs
4. Esteem needs are the fourth level in Maslow’s
hierarchy and include self-worth,
accomplishement and respect. Maslow classified
esteem needs into two categories: (i) esteem for
oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery,
independence) and (ii) the desire for reputation
or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).
Maslow indicated that the need for respect or
reputation is most important for children and
adolescents and precedes real self-esteem or
dignity.
5. Self-
actualization
needs
5. Self-actualization needs are the highest level
in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the
realization of a person's potential, self-
fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak
experiences. Maslow (1943) describes this level
as the desire to accomplish everything that one
can, to become the most that one can be.
5. Self-
actualization
needs
Individuals may perceive or focus on this need
very specifically. For example, one individual
may have a strong desire to become an ideal
parent. In another, the desire may be expressed
economically, academically or athletically. For
others, it may be expressed creatively, in
paintings, pictures, or inventions.
3.The concept of Personal Values. How
personal values give meanings to
people's lives

Personal Values are “broad desirable goals that motivate

people’s actions and serve as guiding principles in their
lives". Everyone has values, but each person has a
different value set. These differences are affected by an
individual's culture, personal upbringing, life
experiences, and a range of other influences.
Personal values are desirable to an individual and
represent what is important to someone.
Schwartz Theory of Basic Values
Schwartz in 1992 presented 10 motivationally distinct types of values as listed below [1]. These values have been researched in many
countries and have been found to be universal in cross-cultural applications.
Self-direction eg freedom, creativity
Stimulation e.g. exciting life, daring
Hedonism e.g. pleasure, self-indulgent
Achievement e.g. ambitious, successful
Power e.g. wealth, authority
Security e.g. social order, family security, cleanliness
Conformity e.g. politeness, self-discipline, respect
Tradition e.g. respect for traditions, modest, humble, devout
Benevolence e.g. loyal, responsible, helpful, forgiving
Universalism e.g. equality, wisdom, world of peace, social justice, protecting the environment
Lists of personal values can be indefinite but research has shown a value will generally fit into one of those 10 types. There is no set of
ideal values and everyone will have their own list of values with unique importance assigned to each one. [3] [5]
Schwartz Theory of Basic Values
How personal values can drive our personal-
development. Personal value. Value as a key
concept in the health care system (moral
dilemmas)
Tasks
The task for the lecture. Сhoose one task and just do it!)
№1. Write an essay on My personal Values, where to write a list of your values and explain why they are valuable to you
and why they are important to you. The essay also needs to define values.
OR
№2 Answer the questions
а. Do you agree with the basic ideas of Maslow's theory? what do you agree with and why and what do you disagree
with and why?
b. What categories does Maslow classify the need for respect into? which one is important to you and why?
с. What is self-actualization? and how do you focus the needs for self-actualization?
Task for a practical lesson
Choose one theory of motivation (use the book Psychology by David Myers) example (Clayton Alderfer's ERG Theory,
Expectancy Theory by V. Vroom, B. Skinner's reinforcement theory, Self-determination theory) and make a presentation
in a group (4-5 people) and explain at practical class.