Implementing One Health approaches to

confront emerging and re-emerging

zoonotic disease threats: lessons from
PREDICT
BY:
Terra R. Kelly et al.
GROUP 8 MEMBERS

 Louisa Adarkwah - 224018248

 Fauzia Abubakar- 224026585
 Emmanuel Opoku-Achampong 224023845
OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 AIM/OBJECTIVE
 BACKGROUD
 ONE HEALTH APPROACH
 PREDICT PROJECT
 VALUE OF ONE HEALTH APPROACH
 CASE STUDIES
 IMPLEMENTATION OF ONE HEALTH
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
 Q&A’s
INTRODUCTION

 Recurring outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses, such as

Ebola virus disease, avian influenza, and Nipah virus, serve as a
reminder that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are
interconnected.

 Early response to emerging zoonotic pathogens requires a coordinated,

interdisciplinary and cross sectoral approach.

 Emerging diseases pose a greater threat, requiring coordination at

local, regional, and global levels
 One Health is a multisectoral, transdisciplinary, and collaborative
approach promoted to more effectively address these complex
health threats.

 Despite strong advocacy for One Health, challenges for practical

implementation remain.
ABBREVIATIONS

 AI: Avian Influenza

 GHSA: Global Health Security
 CDC: Centers for Disease Control
Agenda
and Prevention
 INRB: l’Institut National de
 DRC: Democratic Republic of
Congo Recherche Biomédicale

 JEE: Joint External Evaluation
EID: Emerging Infectious Disease
  UN: United Nations
EPT: Emerging Pandemic Threats
  USAID: US Agency for
EVD: Ebola Virus Disease
 International Development
WHO: World Health Organization
 YF: Yellow Fever
AIM/OBJECTIVE

 Discuss the value of the One Health approach for addressing global
health challenges.

 Share strategies applied to achieve successful outcomes through the

USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats Program PREDICT project.

 Explore methods for promoting more formal One Health

implementation to capitalize on the added value of shared
knowledge and leveraged resources.
BACKGROUND
 Zoonoses are defined as those diseases and infections naturally
transmitted between people and vertebrate animals.

 There are three classes as follows:

1. endemic zoonoses which are present in many places and
affect many people and animals in particular area e.g.
leptospirosis
2. epidemic zoonoses which are sporadic in temporal and
spatial distribution e.g. Hanta virus
3. emerging and re-emerging zoonoses which are newly
appearing in a population or have existed previously but are
rapidly increasing in incidence or geographical range.
 Examples of the emerging and re-emerging zoonosis include:
 Rift Valley fever
 SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
 pandemic influenza H1N1 2009
 Yellow fever
 Avian Influenza (H5N1) and (H7N9)
 West Nile virus
 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
reported in the recent past.
 Risk factors:
 people who work with animals or in rural areas,
 children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune
systems
 global changes, such as climate change
 habitat destruction, deforestation
 changes in land use, intensification of agriculture
 increased travel and trade

 All these can disturb the delicate balance between humans,

animals, and the environment, leading to an increased risk of
zoonotic disease transmission to communities such as farmers
and rural dwellers, wildlife workers and conservationists, and
indigenous populations
 It is estimated that zoonoses cause 2.5 billion cases of sickness globally

 And 2.7 million deaths annually

 Some 60% of emerging infectious diseases that are reported globally

are zoonoses.

 Over 30 new human pathogens have been detected in the last three
decades, 75% of which have originated in animals
 The economic losses from a single outbreak can amount to billions of
dollars.

 As trade and travel facilitate greater access and connections across the
world, these zoonoses pose significant and growing global health
threats.

 Lessons learned from these disease outbreaks highlight the need to

shift to a more integrated, holistic, and proactive paradigm, such as
can be achieved using the One Health approach.
ONE HEALTH APPROACH/CONCEPT

 One Health is an approach that recognizes that the health of

people is closely connected to the health of animals and our
shared environment.

 A One Health approach encourages collaborative efforts of many

experts (like disease detectives, laboratorians, physicians, and
veterinarians) working across human, animal, and environmental
health to improve the health of people and animals, including
pets, livestock, and wildlife (CDC, 2024).
 The approach allows for a deeper understanding and ability to
address the complex eco-social determinants of health
 To more effectively and efficiently tackle threats through
coordination across disciplines and sectors.
 Recognized for their value in addressing emerging infectious
disease (EID) threats
 The majority of EIDs arise from wild animal reservoirs
Foundation of One Health
One Health Initiatives

 U.S. FEDERAL AGENCIES

 U.S. the National Park Service One Health Initiative
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention One Health Office,
 U.S. Department of Agriculture One Health Coordination Center

 INTERAGENCY GROUPS AND MULTISECTORIAL

COORDINATION
 Bangladesh’s One Health Secretariat and
 Liberia’s One Health Coordination Platform
 INTERNATIONAL ONE HEALTH NETWORKS AND
CONSORTIA
 FAO/OIE/WHO Tripartite collaboration,
 One Health Workforce,
 One Health Alliance of South Asia,
 Southeast Asia One Health University Network
 One Health Central and Eastern Africa

 One Health designated degree and training programs

 Nearly 50 countries have signed on to the Global Health Security
Agenda (GHSA), which was launched in 2014

 Aims to bring countries together to promote One Health

approaches and strengthen capacities to prevent, detect, and
respond to disease threats
Challenges of One Health Concept

 Lack of Formal Coordination Mechanisms

 Ad-hoc Applications
 Need for Standardized Analyses
 Limited Evidence Base
PREDICT PROJECT

 In 2009, USAID launched the Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT)

Program’s PREDICT Project

 PREDICT utilizes a One Health approach focused on early detection

and response to potentially zoonotic viral threats at their source
ideally before they emerge in people

 Over the past decade, PREDICT partnered with foreign governments,

universities, and other organizations to advance One Health initiatives
 Also, focused on strengthening zoonotic virus surveillance and
laboratory capacity in “hotspots” for EID

 The project provided a platform for breaking down barriers through

development of cross-sectoral surveillance and laboratory networks

 Also, offered open sharing of data, coordination on disease

outbreak response, and contributions to extant or new national One
Health platforms
Life of Project Highlights (April 2022)

 >6,800 people trained for the One Health Workforce in over 30

countries
 >164,000 animals and people safely sampled and tested for zoonotic
disease threats
 >60 laboratory systems enhanced with biosecure zoonotic disease
detection capabilities
 949 novel viruses detected, including Bombali ebolavirus, Zaire
ebolavirus, Marburg virus, and MERS- and SARS-related
coronaviruses
 217 known viruses detected
VALUE OF THE ONE
HEALTH APPROACH
1. Bringing disciplines and sectors together to provide broader health benefits

2. The One Health approach expands comparative medicine by monitoring

animals and the environment for early threat detection, enhancing
understanding, and mitigating risks and impacts.

3. An economic optimization projection suggested that investing in a One

Health approach through mitigation of pandemic threats versus business-
as-usual adaptation could yield a savings of over $300 billion globally over
the next century
4. Countries are also increasingly endorsing health security as a
national priority given the potential for rapid disease spread via
trade and travel networks.

5. Climate and other ecological changes are resulting in shifts in

geographic ranges of species and their pathogens
 CASE STUDIES

One Health contributions toward

more efficient and effective response to emerging
zoonotic disease threats
1. Rapid outbreak response and containment

 During the widespread EVD outbreak in West Africa in 2014, the

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) experienced its own
separate and unique Ebola virus disease outbreak.

 Many experts from the Viral Haemorrhagic Fever Unit of the

INRB were deployed in West Africa when the outbreak in DRC
occurred (including PREDICT team-lab testing)

 EBV detected within a day

 Following the prompt testing and pathogen identification, the
DRC government was able to access the affected area and
respond rapidly with contact tracing, dispatching a mobile
laboratory, and quarantining suspected cases

 Lead to swift containment with only 66 cases reported over the

two-month duration of this outbreak.

 PREDICT Team----wildlife sampling collection----identfied

likely source of outbreak---infected wild animal dead and
butchered for food
2. Prevention of human disease outbreaks

 PREDICT activities in Bolivia demonstrated that monitoring for

zoonotic viruses in wild animals can be a valuable early detection
tool for preventing disease outbreaks particularly in landscapes
undergoing substantial alteration, such as deforestation.

 New World primate hosts are especially susceptible to YFV

infection, acute clusters of mortality in these populations can
signal YFV activity and alert authorities to increased risk of
human infection, thereby serving as an early warning system
3. Systematic coordinated data sharing and national One Health
platforms

 PREDICT worked with foreign government partners to establish a

systematic One Health approach to communicating findings stemming
from disease surveillance.

 In Rwanda, PREDICT-trained personnel served on the Government of

Rwanda’s One Health Steering Committee (representatives from the
animal and human health and environmental sectors)

 Participated in develop an integrative framework for solving problems

at the animal-human-environmental interface
 As part of the committee, PREDICT team members aided in the
development of a One Health Strategic Plan in 2015

 It outlines an implementation strategy covering organizational structure

and pooling and mobilizing resources

 Alongside Rwanda, Tanzania also launched its One Health Strategic

Plan in 2015.

 PREDICT representatives served in one of the technical working groups

to evaluate strengths, gaps, and priority actions for enhancing national
health security paving the way for developing the Tanzania National
Action Plan for Health Security( formally launched in 2018)
One health approach to mitigate anthrax in
Ghana
 Ghana has a history of human anthrax associated with a high case fatality rate according to
study reports way back in 1980s, it says that nearly 1000 person died from anthrax.

 Between 2005 and 2016, a total of 38 anthrax-related deaths were reported in Ghana, 30 in
the Upper East and 8 in the Northern areas.

 On June 12, 2023, general public announcement on the Recent Outbreak of Anthrax in
some neighbouring countries within the West African Region, they include Northern
Ghana, bordering Burkina Faso and Togo.

 One Health Technical Working Group (OH TWG), established in 2018 and coordinated by
the National Disaster Management Organization (NADMO), serves as the coordinating
body for all One Health initiatives at the national level.
The success of the One Health program implemented
towards anthrax control in Ghana include:
 Ensuring a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaboration
(physicians, nurses, pharmacists, veterinarians, social workers)
 Ensuring animal vaccination
 Prompt diagnosis and treatment of the victims and limiting
complications that could arise from the disease.
 Provided one health job opportunities, diversities among the
health workers in Ghana
 Improve the economic development of Ghana as a country.
THE WAY FORWARD:

Implementing One Health

 Case studies demonstrating successful One Health outcomes can
provide valuable insight for implementing approaches elsewhere.

 JEEs ( Joint External Evaluation) conducted in several countries

around the world have revealed weaknesses in coordination
across health sectors prompting the recommendation to develop
national One Health platforms

 These platforms can be utilized to foster collaboration across

various sectors, enhancing national ownership and maintaining
long-term focus on initiatives.
 To work towards this goal, the World Bank, USAID EPT program, and
United Nations organization partners have compiled resources to assist
countries with formalizing a One Health strategy

 One Health Strategy involved tools for capacity assessment, resource

mapping and prioritization and system improvement

 These tools aid in identifying where investments in One Health

approaches and leveraged resources could fill gaps, avoid unnecessary
overlap, and result in more holistic, preventive approaches
 Applying the One Health approach, which considers the broader
context of risks and involves relevant sectors, particularly at sub-
national levels, can enhance countries’ preparedness for a range
of existing and emerging threats.

 Raising awareness of One Health, foster leaders to work across

disciplines and sectors.

 Around the world, universities are progressively incorporating

One Health education into their curricula, including designated
degree programs
One Health and Girls’ Empowerment in Ghana
 This project, carried out in partnership with 4-H Ghana(4H is involved in
a menstrual hygiene management (MHM) )

 Developed 15 new 4-H lessons incorporating girls’ empowerment and

One Health precepts into the 4-H curriculum as they relate to agriculture,
health and well-being, livelihoods, life skills, and leadership.

 By enhancing young women’s wellbeing, it strengthens agricultural

productivity and family food security, reduce poverty, improve
education, and ultimately advance health and wellbeing for all.

 Including Girls’ Empowerment modules with One Health also addresses

the issue of girls falling out of the educational system.
Navrongo Integrated Surveillance Project: One Health Concept in Ghana classroom

 Scientists from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research’s

(WRAIR) One Health Branch partnered with the Henry Jackson
Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine and
Ghana’s Navrongo Health Research Centre to teach a STEM
curriculum on collecting climate data for zoonotic disease
prevention in three Ghanaian high schools (Chaina, Sirigu, and
Navrongo high schools)

 Through this program, the Navrongo Integrated Surveillance

Project (NISP), students and scientists examined how local
weather conditions, combined with disease prevalence, disease
perceptions, and livestock cultivation practices, exacerbate the
spread of zoonotic diseases.
CONCLUSION
 Implementing One Health approaches faces challenges, but
national platforms and policies are crucial for cross-sector
coordination.

 The GHSA and international organizations have helped countries

develop and strengthen One Health strategies.

 In absence of external funding, one route for sustainability is the

application of low-cost coordination systems that have been tested
and validated, including routine inter-ministry meetings to share
disease surveillance results and discuss coordinated mitigation
efforts.
 Further, there is a need to continue to bring attention to the value
of One Health approaches and to invest in training a workforce of
One Health leaders who have the skills to think critically and
work collaboratively across sectors.
THANK YOU
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
GROUP 1
QUESTION ANSWER
Q1
1. How does the one health approach  Co-ordination
facilitate the early detection and  Communication
prevention of zoonotic diseases
according to the findings of the  Collaboration
PREDICT project?
Q2
 Establishing formalized mechanisms for
2. What lessons learned from the collaboration between human, animal and
PREDICT project can be applied to environmental health sectors
future one health initiatives to
 Development of national one health
improve their effectiveness in
addressing zoonotic disease threats? platforms
 Investing in training and raising awareness
GROUP 2
QUESTION ANSWER
MEASUREMENT:
 Effective disease surveillance systems
 Accurate timelines of outbreak responses
 Improvements in inter-sectoral coordination
How can the long-term impact
of one health initiatives be
EVALUATION:
measured and evaluated to  Monitoring disease incidence & prevalence
ensure continuous  Assessing integration & functionality of
improvement and adaptation to health platforms
emerging threats?  Analyzing success of cross-sectorial
interventions
 Regular reviews& updates
 Feedback from stakeholders & performance
metrics
GROUP 3
QUESTION ANSWER
 Enhancing global collaboration and
data sharing
 Strengthening national and regional
What are the future directions
for one health approaches in one health platforms
addressing emerging and  Advance in technology
reemerging zoonotic diseases?  Integrating socio-economic and
environmental factors
 Investment in education and capacity
GROUP 4

QUESTION ANSWER
 Developing formal
How can challenges in one mechanisms for coordination
health implementation be and communication
addressed ?  Establishing standardized
procedures and assessment
 Funding and resources
 Raising awareness and
fostering collaboration
GROUP 5
QUESTION ANSWER
 Partially addressed socio-economic
factors & environmental factors
To what extent did the
 Focus on strengthening disease
PREDICT programs one health
approach address the socio- detection and co-ordination
economic and environmental  Future Initiatives:
factors contributing to zoonotic  Embedding socio-economic and
disease emergence and how can environmental assessments in one health
these aspects be better frameworks
incorporated in future  Targeted interventions
initiatives?
GROUP 6
QUESTION ANSWER
 YES, one health technical work
group(OH TWG) established in
2018, coordinated by NADMO
Does Ghana have or signed
 Ghana’s efforts includes
onto one health policy, if yes
collaborating with international
how has it been explored to
organizations and developing
tackle zoonotic disease national platforms
outbreaks?
 E.g. one health and girls’
empowerment in Ghana
 E.g. Navrongo Integrated
Surveillance Project
GROUP 7
QUESTION ANSWER
 SWOT :
Strengths: Leverage existing
partnerships and frameworks.
How should the Ghana health Weakness: Address gaps in
system be strengthened to coordination and data sharing.
implement the one health Opportunities: Capitalize on
approach considering the international support and funding
strength, weaknesses,
Threats: Mitigate challenges
opportunities and threats.
related to resource constraints
and political instability.
Group 9
QUESTION ANSWERS
 Strengthening international
collaboration
 Developing national One
What are the most effect health platforms
strategies for scaling one  Investing in technology
health globally?  Promoting education and
Training
 Advocating for policy support
 Addressing socio-economic
factors
THANK YOU
REFERENCES
 https://www.emro.who.int/about-who/rc61/zoonotic-diseases.html

 Elsohaby, I., & Villa, L. (2023). Zoonotic diseases: Understanding the risks and mitigating
the threats. BMC Veterinary Research, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-023-03736-8

 https://www.cdc.gov/one-health/about/index.html#:~:text=A%20One%20Health%20approac
h%20encourages,pets%2C%20livestock%2C%20and%20wildlife.

 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/one-health

 https://ohi.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/programs-projects/predict-project

 https://www.cdc.gov/one-health/media/pdfs/OneHealth-FactSheet-FINAL.pdf

 https://4w.wisc.edu/projects/women-and-one-health/