CSE101-Lec#15(Part-B)

• Multidimensional Arrays(2D Array)

CSE101-Computer Programming
2D-Array
• A two – dimensional array can be seen as a table with ‘x’ rows and
‘y’ columns where the row number ranges from 0 to (x-1) and
column number ranges from 0 to (y-1). A two – dimensional array
‘x’ with 3 rows and 3 columns is shown below:

• Examples:
Representing the marks of 60 students of class in 5 subjects, we
can take a 2D array of row size:60 and column size:5
Representing the sales done by all(50) sales persons of a
particular branch for all months(12), we can take a 2D array of row
size:50 and column size:12CSE101-Computer Programming
2D-Array
• The basic form of declaring a two-dimensional array of size x, y:
• Syntax:
• data_type array_name[x][y];
• data_type: Type of data to be stored. Valid C/C++ data type.
• We can declare a two dimensional integer array say ‘x’ of size 10,20
as:
• int x[10][20];
• Elements in two-dimensional arrays are commonly referred by x[i][j]
where i is the row number and ‘j’ is the column number
CSE101-Computer Programming
Also known as Multiple-Subscripted Arrays

• Multiple subscripted arrays

Column 0 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3

Column subscript
Array name
Row subscript
CSE101-Computer Programming
 Memory representation of 2D-
• AArray
2D array’s elements are stored in continuous memory locations. It can be
represented in memory using any of the following two ways:

1. Column-Major Order
2. Row-Major Order

1. Column-Major Order:
In this method the elements are stored column wise, i.e. m elements of first
column are stored in first m locations, m elements of second column are
stored in next m locations and so on. E.g.
A 3 x 4 array will stored as below:

CSE101-Computer Programming
Memory representation of 2D-Array
2. Row-Major Order:
In this method the elements are stored row wise, i.e. n elements
of first row are stored in first n locations, n elements of second
row are stored in next n locations and so on. E.g.
A 3 x 4 array will stored as below:

CSE101-Computer Programming
Initialization
1) Initializing at the point of declaration: 1 2
3 4

• int a[ 2 ][ 2 ] = { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 } };
Initializers grouped by row in braces
• If not enough, unspecified elements set to zero 1
3
0
4
• Int a[ 2 ][ 2 ] = { { 1 }, { 3, 4 } };
• int a3[2][2]={1,2};//Remaining elements are zero
• int a4[2][2]={0};//All elements are zero

CSE101-Computer Programming
Initialization
• int a5[][2]={1,2,3};//It is possible to skip row size, if elements are
initialized at the point of declaration
• int a[2][]={1,2,3};//Not possible to skip column size[Error will come]
• int a[][]={1,2,3};//Not possible to skip both row and column size[Error
will come]

CSE101-Computer Programming
Initialization
2) Taking input from user
int a[3][3], i, j;
for(i=0; i<3; i++)
{ // for loop for rows
for(j=0; j<3;j++)
{ // for loop for columns
printf(“enter the value ofa[%d][%d]: ”, i, j);
scanf(“%d”, &a[i][j]);
} //end for columns
} //end for rows

CSE101-Computer Programming
 Accessing(o
r Traversing)
2D array
elements
after taking
input from
the user

CSE101-Computer Programming
enter the value of a[0][0] :1
enter the value of a[0][1] :2
enter the value of a[0][2] :3
enter the value of a[1][0] :4
enter the value of a[1][1] :5
enter the value of a[1][2] :6
enter the value of a[2][0] :7
enter the value of a[2][1] :8
enter the value of a[2][2] :9
Element of 2D matrix are:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Polling Questions
What will be the output of following code?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[][3]={1,2,3,4,5,6};
printf("%d",a[0][2]);
return 0;
}
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. Compile time error
CSE101-Computer Programming
Which of the following is invalid initialization of 2D Array?
A. int a[][2]={1,2,3,4};
B. int a[2][2]={1,2,3,4};
C. int a[2][]={1,2,3,4};
D. int a[2][2]={};

CSE101-Computer Programming
What will be the output of following code?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[3][2]={{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}};
printf("%d",a[1][1]*a[2][1]);
return 0;
}
A. 24
B. 12
C. 8
D. 20
CSE101-Computer Programming
What will be the output of following A. 12345
code?
B. 123450
#include <stdio.h>
int main() C. 1 2 3 4 5 Garbage value
{ D. Compile time error
int a[2][3] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int i = 0, j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
printf("%d ", a[i][j]);
return 0;
}
CSE101-Computer Programming
Matrix operations using 2D arrays
• WAP to find the sum of two matrices
• WAP to display the transpose of a matrix
• WAP to find the sum of diagonal elements of a matrix
• WAP to perform multiplication of 2 matrices and display the result

CSE101-Computer Programming
WAP to find the sum of two matrices
#include <stdio.h>
int main() for(i=0; i<3; i++)
{ {
float a[3][3], b[3][3], c[3][3]; for(j=0; j<3; j++)
int i, j; {
printf("Enter elements of 1st matrix\n"); c[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
for(i=0; i<3; i++) }
{ }
for(j=0; j<3 ;j++) // Displaying the sum
{ printf("\nSum Of Matrix:\n");
printf("Enter a%d%d: ", i, j);
scanf("%f", &a[i][j]); for(i=0; i<3; i++)
} {
} for(j=0; j<3; j++)
// Taking input using nested for loop {
printf("Enter elements of 2nd matrix\n"); printf("%.1f\t", c[i][j]);
for(i=0; i<3; i++) }
{ printf("\n");
for(j=0; j<3; j++) }
{ return 0;
printf("Enter b%d%d: ", i, j); }
scanf("%f", &b[i][j]);
}
}
// adding corresponding elements of two
CSE101-Computer Programming
arrays
CSE101-Computer Programming
CSE101-Computer Programming
 WAP to display the transpose of a matrix
#include <stdio.h> // Finding the transpose of matrix a
int main() for(i=0; i<r; i++)
{ {
int a[10][10], transpose[10][10], r, c, i, j; for(j=0; j<c; j++)
printf("Enter rows and columns of matrix: "); {
scanf("%d %d", &r, &c); transpose[i][j] = a[j][i];
}
// Storing elements of the matrix
printf("\nEnter elements of matrix:\n"); }
for(i=0; i<r; i++)
{ // Displaying the transpose of matrix a
for(j=0; j<c; j++) printf("\nTranspose of Matrix:\n");
{ for(i=0; i<r; i++)
printf("Enter element a%d%d: ",i, j); {
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]); for(j=0; j<c; j++)
} {
} printf("%d ",transpose[i][j]);
// Displaying the matrix a[][] */ }
printf("\nEntered Matrix: \n");
for(i=0; i<r; i++) printf("\n\n");
{ }
for(j=0; j<c; j++)
{
printf("%d ", a[i][j]); return 0;
} }
printf("\n\n"); CSE101-Computer Programming
}
CSE101-Computer Programming
WAP to find the sum of diagonal elements of a
matrix
#include<stdio.h> for(i=0;i<m;i++)
int main() {
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
int a[10][10],sum=0;
{
int i,j,m,n;
printf("Enter number of rows and if(i==j)
column:"); {
scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);
printf("Enter Elements : "); sum=sum+a[i][j];
for(i=0;i<m;i++) }
{
}
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
}
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]); printf("Sum of Diagonal
} Elements = %d ",sum);
}
}
CSE101-Computer Programming
CSE101-Computer Programming
CSE101-Computer Programming
WAP to perform multiplication of 2 matrices and display the
result
#include <stdio.h>
// Initializing all elements of result matrix to 0
int main()
for(i=0; i<r1; i++)
{
{
int a[10][10], b[10][10], result[10][10], r1, c1, r2, c2, i, j, k; for(j=0; j<c2; j++)
printf("Enter rows and column for first matrix: "); {
scanf("%d %d", &r1, &c1); result[i][j] = 0;
}
printf("Enter rows and column for second matrix: "); }
scanf("%d %d",&r2, &c2); // Multiplying matrices a and b and
// Column of first matrix should be equal to column of // storing result in result matrix
second matrix and
while (c1 != r2)
{ for(i=0; i<r1; i++)
printf("Error! No. of columns of first matrix not equal {
to no.of row of second.\n\n"); for(j=0; j<c2; j++)
printf("Enter rows and column for first matrix: "); {
scanf("%d %d", &r1, &c1); for(k=0; k<c1; k++)
printf("Enter rows and column for second matrix: "); {
scanf("%d %d",&r2, &c2); result[i][j]+=a[i][k]*b[k][j];
} }
// Storing elements of first matrix. }
printf("\nEnter elements of matrix 1:\n"); }
for(i=0; i<r1; i++) // Displaying the result
{ printf("\nOutput Matrix:\n");
for(j=0; j<c1; j++) for(i=0; i<r1; i++)
{ {
printf("Enter elements a%d%d: ",i,j); for(j=0; j<c2; j++)
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]); {
} printf("%d ", result[i][j]);
} }
printf("\n\n");
// Storing elements of second matrix.
}
printf("\nEnter elements of matrix 2:\n");
return 0;
for(i=0; i<r2; i++) }
{
for(j=0; j<c2; j++)
{ CSE101-Computer Programming
printf("Enter elements b%d%d: ",i, j);
 Dry
running

CSE101-Computer Programming
Practice Questions
WAP to display the maximum sales done(monthly) from a particular
branch in a year[Take input for number of sales persons and sales
done in each month for each sales person]
 WAP to display the minimum marks scored in each subject from a
particular section[ Take input for marks of n no. of students in m no.
of subjects from user]
WAP to display average marks scored by n no. of students of a section
in their registered m no. of courses.[Inputs will be given by user]

CSE101-Computer Programming