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Understanding-Moral-Development

The document discusses moral development, emphasizing how individuals learn to distinguish right from wrong through various stages proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg. It outlines Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, ranging from punishment and obedience to universal ethical principles, and introduces the domain theory which categorizes social knowledge into moral, social-conventional, and personal domains. Additionally, it highlights the importance of moral education, character education, cognitive moral education, and service learning in fostering ethical values and social responsibility.

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8 views17 pages

Understanding-Moral-Development

The document discusses moral development, emphasizing how individuals learn to distinguish right from wrong through various stages proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg. It outlines Kohlberg's six stages of moral reasoning, ranging from punishment and obedience to universal ethical principles, and introduces the domain theory which categorizes social knowledge into moral, social-conventional, and personal domains. Additionally, it highlights the importance of moral education, character education, cognitive moral education, and service learning in fostering ethical values and social responsibility.

Uploaded by

jovensotejo03
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNDERSTANDING

MORAL DEVELOPMENT:
FROM THEORY TO
PRACTICE
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
MORAL DEVELOPMENT IS HOW PEOPLE LEARN RIGHT FROM
WRONG AS THEY GROW. IT HELPS THEM MAKE GOOD CHOICES,
UNDERSTAND OTHERS' FEELINGS, AND ACT FAIRLY.
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
• AN AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST AND EDUCATOR KNOWN FOR HIS
THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT.
• WHILE PURSUING HIS DOCTORAL DEGREE, KOHLBERG BECAME
INTERESTED IN JEAN PIAGET’S WORK ON THE MORAL
DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN. ACCORDING TO PIAGET, CHILDREN
NATURALLY PROGRESS FROM A FORM OF MORAL REASONING
BASED ON THE CONSEQUENCES OF AN ACT (E.G., PUNISHMENT)
TO ONE THAT TAKES THE ACTOR’S INTENTIONS INTO ACCOUNT.
• KOHLBERG INTERVIEWED 72 LOWER- AND MIDDLE-CLASS WHITE
BOYS, PRESENTING EACH WITH A MORAL DILEMMA: WHETHER IT
WOULD BE PERMISSIBLE FOR A POOR MAN TO STEAL MEDICINE
FOR HIS DYING WIFE. THE CHILDREN’S RESPONSES BECAME THE
BASIS OF HIS SIX-STAGE THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT.
KOHLBERG'S SIX
STAGES OF MORAL
REASONING
Pre-conventional Conventional Post-conventional

FOCUS ON Adherence to Emphasis on


AVOIDING social rules and individual
PUNISHMENT AND expectations. principles and
GAINING REWARDS. universal ethics.
PRE-CONVENTIONAL
STAGE 1: PUNISHMENT & OBEDIENCE
Moral thinking is tied up to punishment

STAGE 2: INDIVIDUALISM (Self Interest)


Individualism peruse there own interests but also let others do
the same. Thus what is right involved an equal exchange
CONVENTIONAL
STAGE 3: MUTUAL INTERPERSONAL
EXPECTATION,RELATIONSHIP & INTERPERSONAL
CONFORMITY
Individual values trust, caring & loyalty too there as basis of moral
judgment. Children and adolescence often adopt their parents’ moral
standard.
STAGE 4: SOCIAL SYSTEM MORALITY
Moral judgment are base on understanding the social order, law
justice & duty
POST-CONVENTIONAL
STAGE 5: SOCIAL CONTRACT
Individual reason that values ,right & principle undergird or
transcend the law
STAGE 6: UNIVERSAL ETHICAL PRINCIPLE
The person has develop a moral standard based on universal
human right
DOMAIN
THEORY
HOW PEOPLE UNDERSTAND MORALITY BY DIVIDING SOCIAL
KNOWLEDGE INTO THREE AREAS: MORAL, SOCIAL-CONVENTIONAL,
AND PERSONAL DOMAINS. THE MORAL DOMAIN DEALS WITH
FAIRNESS AND HARM, THE SOCIAL-CONVENTIONAL DOMAIN
INVOLVES SOCIAL RULES AND CUSTOMS, AND THE PERSONAL DOMAIN
COVERS INDIVIDUAL CHOICES. THIS THEORY HELPS EXPLAIN HOW
PEOPLE JUDGE RIGHT AND WRONG IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONS.
SOCIAL
CONVENTIONAL
REASONING
UNDERSTANDING AND Developing a sense of Promoting
SHARING THE responsibility for the prosocial behavior
FEELINGS OF OTHERS. well-being of others. and compassion.
PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
Family Values Social Interactions Educational
Experiences
HOME ENVIRONMENT Peer groups, Schools provide
SHAPES INITIAL communities opportunities for
MORAL influence moral moral
UNDERSTANDING. reasoning. development.
MORAL EDUCATION
CHARACTER
EDUCATION
Character education focuses on developing ethical values, moral reasoning, and
positive character traits in individuals. It goes beyond simply teaching right and
wrong; it aims to cultivate a sense of responsibility, integrity, and empathy.

Respect Integrity

RESPECT FOR ONESELF Honesty, trustworthiness,


AND OTHERS, and adherence to ethical
RECOGNIZING INDIVIDUAL principles, even when faced
DIFFERENCES AND with challenges.
VALUING DIVERSITY.
VALUE
CLARIFICATION
Helping people to clarify what lives are for and what is
work working for.
DEFINE OWN VALUE AND TO UNDERSTAND OTHERS
VALUE
This involves exploring individual beliefs, societal norms,
and ethical principles.
COGNITIVE MORAL
EDUCATION
Fostering critical thinking and ethical reasoning.

Moral Values
Reasoning Clarification

RESPECT FOR ONESELF AND Honesty, trustworthiness, and


OTHERS, RECOGNIZING adherence to ethical principles,
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES even when faced with
AND VALUING DIVERSITY. challenges.
SERVICE LEARNING
Service learning integrates community service with academic learning,
fostering personal growth and social responsibility.

Real-World Application Community Impact

APPLYING CLASSROOM Making a positive contribution


KNOWLEDGE TO REAL-LIFE to society, addressing local
SITUATIONS, ENHANCING
needs and promoting social
UNDERSTANDING AND
change.
ENGAGEMENT.
KEY MILESTONES IN
CHILDREN'S MORAL
UNDERSTANDING
Children's moral development follows a predictable pattern, marked by distinct
stages where they grasp new concepts of fairness, responsibility, and empathy.

Middle Childhood (7-


Early Childhood (2-7 Adolescence (11-18
11 Years)
Years) Years)

FOCUS ON RULES AND Understanding of Exploration of


CONSEQUENCES, social rules and abstract moral
DEVELOPING A BASIC expectations, principles, forming
developing empathy
SENSE OF RIGHT AND
and concern for others.
personal values and
WRONG. ethical beliefs.

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