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Gas_Laws

The document outlines the fundamental principles of gas laws, including the Kinetic Molecular Theory, which describes the behavior of ideal gases. It details the characteristics of gases, such as their ability to expand, low density, and compressibility, and introduces key gas laws: Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law, which relate pressure, volume, and temperature. Additionally, it provides formulas for calculating gas behavior under various conditions and examples of gas law problems.

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MARY ZIANNE GABRIELLE QUINTO
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19 views20 pages

Gas_Laws

The document outlines the fundamental principles of gas laws, including the Kinetic Molecular Theory, which describes the behavior of ideal gases. It details the characteristics of gases, such as their ability to expand, low density, and compressibility, and introduces key gas laws: Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law, which relate pressure, volume, and temperature. Additionally, it provides formulas for calculating gas behavior under various conditions and examples of gas law problems.

Uploaded by

MARY ZIANNE GABRIELLE QUINTO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GAS LAWS

I. Physical
Properties
A. Kinetic Molecular
Theory
 Particles in an ideal gas…
• have no volume.
• have elastic collisions.
• are in constant, random, straight-
line motion.
• don’t attract or repel each other.
• have an avg. KE directly related to
Kelvin temperature.
B. Characteristics of
Gases
 Gases expand to fill any container.
• random motion, no attraction
 Gases are fluids (like liquids).
• no attraction
 Gases have very low densities.
• no volume = lots of empty space
C. Characteristics of
Gases
 Gases can be compressed.
• no volume = lots of empty space
 Gases undergo diffusion & effusion.
• random motion
D. Temperature
 Always use absolute temperature
(Kelvin) when working with gases.
ºF
-459 32 212
ºC
-273 0 100
K
0 273 373

 C 59  F  32 K = ºC + 273


E. Pressure

force
pressure 
area

Which shoes create the most pressure?


E. Pressure
 Barometer
• measures atmospheric pressure

Aneroid Barometer

Mercury Barometer
E. Pressure
 Manometer
• measures contained gas pressure

U-tube Manometer Bourdon-tube gauge


E. Pressure
 KEY UNITS AT SEA LEVEL
101.325 kPa (kilopascal)
1 atm
760 mm Hg N
760 torr
kPa  2
m
14.7 psi
F. STP

STP
Standard Temperature & Pressure

0°C 273 K
-OR-
1 atm 101.325 kPa
II. The
Gas Laws
BOYLES
CHARLES
GAY-
LUSSAC
A. Boyle’s Law

P
PV = k
V
A. Boyle’s Law
 The pressure and volume of a
gas are inversely related
• at constant mass & temp

P
P1V1 = P 2V2
V
B. Charles’ Law

V
V
k
T
T
B. Charles’ Law
 The volume and absolute
temperature (K) of a gas are
directly related
• at constant mass & pressure

V
V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

T
C. Gay-Lussac’s Law

P
P k
T
T
C. Gay-Lussac’s Law
 The pressure and absolute
temperature (K) of a gas are
directly related
• at constant mass & volume

P
P1 / T1 = P2 / T2

T
D. Combined Gas Law

P
V
PV
PV = k
T
P1V1 P2V2
=
T1 T2
P 1V 1T 2 = P 2V 2T 1
E. Gas Law Problems
A gas occupies 473 cm3 at 36°C.
Find its volume at 94°C.
CHARLES’ LAW
GIVEN: T V WORK:
V1 = 473 cm3 P 1V 1T 2 = P 2V 2T 1
T1 = 36°C = 309K (473 cm3)(367 K)=V2(309 K)
V2 = ?
V2 = 562 cm3
T2 = 94°C = 367K
E. Gas Law Problems
A gas occupies 100. mL at 150.
kPa. Find its volume at 200. kPa.
BOYLE’S LAW
GIVEN: P V WORK:
V1 = 100. mL P 1V 1T 2 = P 2V 2T 1
P1 = 150. kPa (150.kPa)(100.mL)=(200.kPa)V2
V2 = ? V2 = 75.0 mL
P2 = 200. kPa

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