Quantum Number

Contents
 Principle quantum number (n)
 Azimuthal quantum number (l)
 Magnetic quantum number (m)
 Spin quantum number (s)
 Quantum Number
Main energy level are considered to be further split into sub-energy level orbital
Shell is present inside Atom.
 Sub-shell is present inside Shell.
 Orbital is present inside Sub-shell.
 Electrons are present inside Orbital

Orbit Sub-shell Orbital Location of e-

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 The four numbers which specifies the distribution, position & energy of electron in
an atom are called quantum number.
1. Principal Quantum Number (n).
2. Azimuthal Quantum Number (l).
3. Magnetic Quantum Number (m).
4. Spin Quantum Number (s).
 Principal Quantum Number (n)
It is the main energy level (shell) of an atom.
It is represented by ‘n’. n = 1,2,3,4 … They are also named as K,
L, M, N, …
It provides the following information;
 Provides the size of an atom.
 Determines Energy and Velocity of the electron in an atom.
 The maximum capacity of orbit (shell) is calculate by 2n2,
where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, … of an orbit.
 Azimuthal Quantum Number (l)
It is sub-shell of an atom.
It is denoted by small letter ‘l’.
It has values of: 0 to n-1, where n is Principal Quantum Number.
It Provides the following information;
 The type and the number of subshells that a particular
principal shell can have.
Cont.…
 Cont.…
 The shape of sub-shells.

‘l’ Sub-shell Shape of sub-shell

0 s Spherical
1 p Dumb-bell
2 d Double dumb-bell
3 f More complex
Full Form of s, p, d, f:
s = Sharp These terms are used in
p= Principal connection with the
d= Diffused different spectral lines.
f= Fundamental
 Cont.…
Energies of sub-shell increases as we move from s to f.
s<p<d<f
 Magnetic Quantum Number (m)
It provides type and the number of orbitals belonging to a
particular subshell.
Its values is between –l through 0 +l.
Formula to find out Orbitals present in sub-shell:- 2l + 1
Sub-shell Name of Total orbitals
Values of ‘m’ i.e. –l, 0, +l
(l) Sub-shell = 2l+1

0 s 2x0+1 = 1 0

1 p 2x1+1 = 3 -1, 0, +1

2 d 2x2+1 = 5 -2, -1, 0, +1, +2

3 f 2x3+1 = 7 -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3

 Cont.…
It provides the number of orbitals belonging to a particular shell.

Formula to find out Orbitals present in Shell (n)- n2

No. of
Shell (n) Orbitals: Orbitals of shells
n2
1s
1 12 = 1

22 = 4 2s, 2p
2

3s, 3p, 3d
3 32 = 9

4s, 4p, 4d, 4f

4 42 = 16
 Cont.…
It also describes the orientations of the orbitals along different axes
in three-dimensional space.

‘m’ value =
Name of Sub-shell 2l+1 No. of Orientation of ‘m’

s 1 1 = 1s
p 3 3 = px, py, pz
d 5 5= dxy, dyz, dxz, dx2y2, dz2
7 = fx(y2-z2), fy(x2-z2), fz(x2-y2),
f 7
fxyz, fz3, fxz2, fyz2
Cont.…
 Spin Quantum Number (s)
It tells the direction of electrons spin on its axis.
Electrons Spin will be either Clockwise or Anticlockwise.
Clockwise spin Anticlockwise spin
 Value of s = +½  Value of s = -½
 Denoted by up arrow (↑)  Denoted by down arrow (↓)

In a same orbital, 2 electrons will not have same spin.

↑↑ ↓↓
 Summary
Total
Principl Number Maximum Total
electrons
e shell l Sub-shell m of Orbital electrons in Spin electrons
in the
(n) orbital orbital in Shell
sub-shell
1 0 s 0 1 1s 2 +½ , -½ 2 2
0 s 0 1 2s 2 +½ , -½ 2
2px 2 +½ , -½
2 8
1 p -1,0,+1 3 2py 2 +½ , -½ 6
2pz 2 +½ , -½
0 s 0 1 3s 2 +½ , -½ 2
3px 2 +½ , -½
1 p -1,0,+1 3 3py 2 +½ , -½ 6
3pz 2 +½ , -½
3 3dxy 18
2 +½ , -½
3dxz 2 +½ , -½
2 d -2,-1,0,+1,+2 5 3dyz 2 +½ , -½ 10
3dz2 2 +½ , -½
2 +½ , -½
 Home Work

Question:
Determine the value of ‘l’, ‘m’ and ‘s’ quantum number and
also the total number of electrons for principal quantum
number, n = 2.
 O U
K Y
A N
T H