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Lesson 8

Lecture 8 focuses on the organization of speeches, emphasizing the importance of outlining and various organizational patterns such as chronological, spatial, and topical arrangements. It details the components of speech outlines, including preparation and speaking outlines, and provides guidelines for effective speech delivery. The lecture also highlights the use of connectives to enhance the flow and coherence of the speech.

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2 views

Lesson 8

Lecture 8 focuses on the organization of speeches, emphasizing the importance of outlining and various organizational patterns such as chronological, spatial, and topical arrangements. It details the components of speech outlines, including preparation and speaking outlines, and provides guidelines for effective speech delivery. The lecture also highlights the use of connectives to enhance the flow and coherence of the speech.

Uploaded by

mukammalkosimova11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 8.

Organizing the speech,


types of organizational
arrangements, outlining
the speech
M.Kosimova
Plan
- Importance of Organization
- Outlining Basics
- Connectives in Speech
- Organizational Patterns
- The Problem-Solution Pattern
- Using Patterns Effectively
Why should you write
a speech outline?

1. An organized speech, lowers the speaker’s


anxiety
2. So that your audience does not get lost
(Listeners only have one chance to hear & understand you!)
3. So that the speaker does not get lost
4. Well organized speeches are perceived as more
competent and credible because it exhibits your
critical thinking skills
3 Parts of a
Speech
 Introduction
 Body
 Conclusion
Outlining Basics

1. Preparation outlines include all speech


content.
2. Speaking outlines are abbreviated for
delivery.
3. Both types serve distinct purposes in
speech preparation.
Three Types of
Outlines
1. Preparation
This is the one you will turn into the instructor
Includes your list of references

2. Speaking
This one will be written on your notecards
Preparation Outline
Is a detailed outline developed during the speech
writing process that includes:
Full Sentences
The Introduction – The AGD, Thesis, Est. Credibility &
Preview of Main Points
Body – Main Points, Supporting Points, Sub-Supporting
Points & Transitions/Connectives
Conclusion
References – Both in-text citations & Reference page
Speaking Outline
A brief outline used to jog a person’s
memory during the presentation.

*Hint: You can write notes to yourself to enhance


delivery on your note cards – i.e. Speak Louder,
Pause, Breath, Look Up.
Guidelines for the
Speaking Outline

 Use a visual framework


 Make sure it is legible
 Keep it as brief as possible
 Give yourself speaking clues
Visual Framework
A pattern of symbolization & indentation in a
speech that shows the relationships among
the speaker’s ideas.
Indentation
Roman Numerals, Letters, & Numbers
Example of Visual
Framework
I. Main Point
A. Supporting point
B. Supporting point
1. Sub-supporting point
2. Sub-supporting point
a. Sub-sub supporting point
Transition:
II. Main Point
Main Points
The key ideas or claims developed in the body
of a speech.
Tips for Writing Main Points

1. Keep main points separate – use only one key


idea per main point

2. Try to use the same pattern of wording for main


points

3. Balance the amount of time devoted to


main points
1. Keep The Main Points
Separate
Example
Incorrect Correct
I. West Texas has I. West Texas
its own Grand boasts its own
Canyon, and Grand Canyon.
South Texas has
its own desert. II. South Texas
boasts its own
desert.
2. Use the same
pattern of wording
I. Regular exercise increases endurance.
II. Regular exercise improves your sleeping
pattern.
III. Regular exercise helps control your
weight.
3. Give equal time to main
points to balance your speech.

Incorrect Correct
I. 75% I. 30%
II. 20% II. 40%
III. 5% III. 30%
How ca
organiz n you
e
points? your main

By Using Informative Speech Organizational Patterns


Connectives in Speech

1. Connectives help link ideas and maintain


flow.
2. Variety in connectives enhances
audience engagement.
3. They should not introduce new
information.
Organizational Patterns

1. Chronological: Presents content in time


order.
2. Spatial: Discusses topics based on
location.
3. Topical: Divides content into categories.
Organizational Patterns for
Informative Speeches
Include:
1. Time Arrangement
2. Spatial Arrangement
3. Cause-Effect Arrangement
4. Topical Arrangement
Chronological Arrangement

Organizing your speech based on a time or date

Thesis: Americans believe they have a fundamental right to


privacy.
I.More than a century ago, Justice Louis D. Brandeis called
privacy “the right to be alone.”
II.Within a decade, the courts began to recognize the right to
privacy.
III.The Supreme Court relied on a privacy rationale in teaching
its fundamental and controversial decisions on abortion.
IV.Threats to privacy are abound in today’s society.
Spatial Arrangement
The main points follow a directional pattern.

The main points proceed from top to


bottom, left to right, front to back,
inside to outside, east to west or in some
other route.
Spatial
Example
Thesis: A hurricane is made up of three major cloud
formations.
I. At the center of the hurricane is the calm,
cloud-free cloud.
II. Surrounding the eye is the eye-wall, a dense
ring of clouds that produces the most intense
wind and rainfall.
III. Rotating around the eye wall are large bands of
swirling clouds.
Cause-Effect
Arrangement
Main points are organized in a cause – effect
relationship.
This speech has two main points:
1. One dealing with the causes of an event
2. The other dealing with its effects
**Can appear in reverse order – the effect, then the
Cause, but this is rare.**
Cause-Effect
Example
I. Caused by the bite of infected mosquito, West
Nile virus is spreading throughout the U.S.

II. The effects of West Nile Virus include


flu-like symptoms, convulsions, swelling
of the brain and in some cases, death.
Topical Arrangement
The main points of the speech divide the
topic into logical and consistent subtopics.

Speeches that do not fit under any of the other


organizational patterns, usually can fit into this
pattern.
Topical Example
I. Genetic engineering is producing new plant
hybrids that will vastly increase world agricultural
production.
II. Genetic engineering is producing breakthroughs
in medicine that will allow people to live
healthier lives.
III. Genetic engineering is producing bacteria that
will help clean up industrial pollutants.
Once you have your main points organized, it
is time to add supporting points with
supporting materials (evidence) to your
speech outline. Yahoo!
Supporting Points

Represents the
supporting material you
gathered to justify the
main points.
Types of Supporting
Materials
1. Definitions
2. Statistics/Numbers
3. Examples, Illustrations & Descriptions
4. Testimony
5. Facts
6. Stories
How can you tie your
ideas together?
BY USING CONNECTIVES!
Connectives
Are words, phrases or
sentences that tie the speech
ideas together. They keep the
audience and speaker on track.
 Internal Preview & Summaries
 Restate-Forecast Transitions
 Rhetorical Questions
 Signpost Transitions
Internal Previews &
Summaries

Previews Summaries
Previews key points of Summarizes or reviews a
a section of the body of section just covered to
the speech reinforce key on the body of
the speech
Example: I will focus on
Example: Let’s pause for a
three solutions…..
moment to summarize what
we have found so far.
Restate-Forecast
Transition
States the main point just covered, then
previews the next main point.
Examples:
Now that we have explored the ancient
origins of
astrology, let us turn to its modern popularity.

So much for the present; what about the


future?
Rhetorical Question
Transition
Are questions that do not invite an actual
response. They make the audience think.

Example: How do the costs of contests stack up


against the expense of training new
employees?
Signpost Transition
Brief phrases that indicate
exactly where you are in a
speech.
Numbers
Focused attention words
Examples of
Signposts
Numbers Focused Attention Words
The first cause of this Finally…
problem is…
The second cause is.. Next…

The final cause is.. We now turn to….


References
- Miller, G.A. (1956). The Magical Number Seven, Plus
or Minus Two.
- Swanson, D. (2013). The Importance of Organization
in Public Speaking.
- Beighly, L. (1954). Chunking: A Key to Retention.

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