MODULE 3: HAZARD RECOGNITION AND CONTROLS APPLICATION

BASIC SAFETY RULES AND MEASURES

5S OF GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
 5S PROGRAM IN THE WORKPLACE

5S IN THE
1 2WORKPLACE
3 4 5
Sort Systematize Sweep Standardized Self -Discipline
Seiri Seiton Seiso Seiketsu Shitsuke

SEGREGAT ORGANIZE KEEP POLICY DO IT

E CLEAN COMPLIANCE EVERYDAY!

STEPS INVOLVED IN 5S IMPLEMENTATION

FOR INTERNAL USE

5S PROGRAM IN THE WORKPLACE

5S OF GOOD HOUSEKEEPING

• Take out items that are no longer necessary

SORT

SYSTEMATIZE • Organize or set your things in order

SWEEP • Keep your workstations clean and tidy

• Maintain a high standard of housekeeping

SANITIZE

SELF- • Do it everyday!
DISCIPLINE
MATERIALS HANDLING AND STORAGE
 MATERIALS HANDLING
A technique which
includes the art of
lifting, placing, storing
or moving of materials
through the use of
appropriate handling
equipment and men.

6
 CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
HANDLING OPERATION
Manual Handling
 is the of lifting, transporting and packaging
of products using own physical strength.
 Hand operated handling, transporting and
packaging of products.
Mechanical Handling
 pertains to more rigid, powered and non-
powered mechanics mainly for handling
bulky and heavy items 7
 MANUAL HANDLING –
MISTAKES THAT CAUSE INJURIES
 Bending Back
 Twisting with load
 Attempting to much
weight (load too heavy)
 Reaching too far
 Lifting to one side
 Off-balance shifting
 Failure to use personal
PPE, such as gloves 8
 PRECAUTIONS IN MANUAL HANDLING

 Familiarize with the hazard associated with the

material or load
 Sharp edges?
 Too heavy?
 Contains hazardous material? (check MSDS)

• Examine the surrounding area prior to handling

• Get a firm grip of the object
• Use necessary personal protective equipment
• Lift gradually
• Follow proper lifting method. 9
 HUMAN BODY ANATOMY
Meet you body

Your Back WEAK

Protect it

Your Legs STRONG

Use their power to lift

correctly…. And safely
10
 LIFTING COMPARISON
Wrong Way Right Way

11
 MECHANICAL HANDLING
Non-Power Driven
 Wheeler/hand truck
 Wheelbarrow
• cart
• drum tilter
• trolley
 hand pallet (pallet jack)
• pulley
12
 MECHANICAL HANDLING
Power Driven
 Forklifts
 Cranes
 Tow Trucks
 Conveyors
 Power driven hoists
 Motorized pallet jacks
 Elevators and dumbwaiters

13
 MECHANICAL HANDLING
Mechanical handling equipment could be categorized
into two:

 lifting equipment – such as hoists and cranes,

drum tilter/lifter

 transport equipment – tow trucks, forklifts,

conveyors, Wheeler/hand truck, pulley, trolley,
carts, pallet jacks (motorized or non-
motorized) 14
MACHINE SAFETY
WHAT PARTS OF A MACHINE DO YOU LOOK
AT TO FIND THE

DANGER AREAS?
spot the
hazards
 DANGER AREAS
Typically, the following 2 areas on
machinery are dangerous, and can be a
risk to anyone near the machine:
1. Parts which move or transmit power
2. Parts that do the work
 Danger Areas
1. Parts which move or transmit power

 belts & pulleys

• flywheels & gear wheels
• shafts & spindles
• slides & cams
• chain & sprocket gears
 DANGER AREAS
2. Parts that do the
work
• tools & dies
• blades
• cutters
• saws
• drills and chucks
• rollers
TO IDENTIFY DANGEROUS
MACHINE PARTS LOOK FOR:
• shear points
• drawing-in points
• impact and crushing areas
• entanglement areas
• stabbing points
• cutting areas
• abrasion areas
• flying particles
• protrusions
 in
Stab

aw
Dr
spot the
hazards
Crus

gle
Ni
h

n
ta
En

Stab
u s i on
r
Prot

ea
S h
MACHINE SAFETY – MACHINE GUARDS
Pedestal Grinder with Fixed and Adjustable Guards
Interlocked Guard on Dough
Divider
Self Adjusting Guard - Radial Arm Saw
Push Away Guard
Instrument Air Compressor with removed guard
DISTANCE GUARDS

• permanent
• simple
Fixed and Interlocked Barrier Fence Guard
MAJOR WORKPLACE HAZARDS

Presence Sensing Laser Scanner

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
WHAT IS
ELECTRICITY?

 Electricity is energy
looking for some place to
go. When it finds the
path of least resistance,
it is going to take that
path. Until a circuit is
completed, electricity is
in the form of potential
energy, an energy
waiting to be used.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRICITY?

CURRENT – May be thought of VOLTAGE – may be

as the total volume of water RESISTANCE- any
thought of as the
flowing past a certain point in condition which retards
a given length of time. pressure in a pipeline.
flow. Measured in OHMS.
Measured in AMPERES Measured in VOLTS
OHM’S LAW
 ELECTRICAL
SAFETY
• Avoid overloading outlets with too many appliances.
Never plug in more than one high-wattage appliance
at a time.

• Unplug appliances when not in use to both conserve

energy and minimize the opportunities for electric
shock or fire.
 ELECTRICAL
SAFETY
• Inspect electrical cords once a month to ensure that
they’re not frayed, cracked or damaged. Don’t place
electrical cords in high traffic areas, under carpets or
across doorways where they pose a potential tripping
hazard.

• Instead of relying on extension cords and power

strips, consider having a licensed electrician install
additional outlets where you need them.
 ELECTRICAL
SAFETY
• Live electrical parts shall be guarded against
accidental contact by cabinets, enclosure, location, or
guarding.
• Working space around electric equipment and
distribution boxes will be kept clear and accessible.
 ELECTRICAL
SAFETY

SAFETY SIGNAGE INSTALLATION AT RUBBERIZED INSULATION FOR

ELECTRICAL SWITCHBOARDS COMPUTER WIRINGS.

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
AVOID OVERLOADING OF THROUGH SAFETY SIGNAGE
FOR INTERNAL USE ELECTRIC CIRCUITS TO PREVENT INSTALLATION AT ELECTRICAL UNPLUG APPPLIANCES WHEN NOT IN
SPARKS CAPABLE OF CONTROL ROOMS USE
PRECIPITATING FIRE
HAZARDS OF ELECTRICITY
1. SHOCK
2. BURNS
3. EXPLOSIONS
4. FIRES
HOW DOES
CURRENT
AFFECTS
THE BODY?
LOCK-OUT TAG-OUT
FIRE SAFETY
WHAT IS FIRE?
• It is frequently referred to as “rapid oxidation with
the evolution of light and heat.”

• Fire is a chemical reaction between a flammable

or combustible material and oxygen.

• Is the chemical union of heat , fuel and oxygen

produced in the proper proportions
44
TRIANGLE OF FIRE

FUEL
Reducing Agent

Any material that will burn is classified as fuel

45
OXYGEN

OXYGEN
Oxidizing Agent

Normally, air is 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen.

46
HEAT

HEAT

Flames, cigarettes, matches, hot surfaces,

lasers, thermal sparks, welding torches, friction, etc 47
ELEMENTS OF FIRE
(FIRE TRIANGLE)
FROM AIR HEAT SOURCE

OXYGEN HEAT
Oxidizing Agent
Chemical
Reaction

FUEL
Reducing Agent

GASES LIQUIDS SOLIDS

48
CLASSES OF FIRE

Class A - Ordinary
Combustibles
AA E.g. wood, paper, rubber,
plastic etc
Class B - Surface Fire
(flammable/combustible
BB liquids and gases)
E.g. gasoline, alcohol,
paints, thinner, grease,
LPG release of gas
49
CLASSES OF FIRE
Class C - Electrical Fire (Involves
live electrical equipment)
C E.g. motors, electric fan, air-
conditioning unit, computer etc
Class D - Combustible Metals
E.g. magnesium, sodium, titatium,
D etc.
D
Class K – Kitchen Fires
Recently recognized by NFPA 10.
Fires involving combustible vegetable
or animal non-saturated cooking fats 50

in commercial cooking equipment.

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

WATER AFFF

DRY CHEMICAL HCFC-123

CARBON DIOXIDE DRY POWDER

D
D
51
PARTS OF A PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
DRY CHEM TYPE MOUNTING/
TRIGGER
PORTABLE FIRE BRACKET

EXTINGUISHER
GAUGE

PIN

GAUGE

HOSE

SEAL
PIN
NOZZLE
(DISCHARGE OUTLET)

TANK/
CYLINDER

TANK BASE LABEL/INSTRUCTIONS

52
USING FIRE EXTINGUISHER

P = Pull the Pin

A = Aim the Nozzle

S = Squeeze the trigger

S = Sweep side to side

at the base
53
USING FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 Start approximately 6-8 feet from the fire then squeeze the
trigger slowly while moving towards the fire
 10-lb fire extinguishers lasts only 10-20 seconds. It should be
used correctly.
 When the fire is extinguish, stop pulling the trigger. In the
event of a re-ignition, at least there would still be contents
inside the unit.
 Ensure that you have an escape path in case the fire is not
extinguished
54
CHEMICAL SAFETY
Chemical Hazards
These arise from excessive
airborne concentration of …
– Vapors
– Mists
– Fumes
– Gases
– Dusts
Chemical Hazards
Q: How do chemicals become a
hazard?
A: When they become airborne and
the concentration is excessive…
Chemical Hazards Nature / Form
Organic Solvents Vapor
Acids / Bases Mists
Dust / Particulates Powder / Fibers
Heavy Metal Fumes
Gases Gas
Chemical Hazards
Q: How do chemicals become
airborne?

A: When they undergo different

processes such as heating,
spraying, plating, mixing, etc…
VAPORS
 Gases formed when liquid
evaporates
 Associated with solvents,
adhesives, alcohols, etc.
 The common organic
solvents can be classified
as hydrocarbons (toluene),
ketones (methyl ethyl
ketone), esters (ethyl
acetate), ether (ethyl
ether), alcohols (ethyl
alcohol)
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
 Degreasing of metals
 Printing
 Dry-cleaning
 Painting
 Laboratory Analysis
 Mists
 Dispersion of liquid particles in the
air
 Suspended liquid droplets when
vapor condenses back to liquid
 Associated with acids, chlorine,
formaldehyde, phenols, etc. &
processes like electroplating and
spraying
 Common acids are hydrochloric,
sulfuric, nitric and phosphoric acids.
 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
 Wastewater
treatment
 Acids from
electroplating
 Oil mists from cutting
& grinding operation
 Painting spray mists
in painting operation
FUMES
 Volatilized solid that condenses when
they contact air
 Very small, solid particles created when
hot vapor reacts with air to form an
oxide
 Associated with molten metals &
processes like welding, metalizing and
coating.
 Examples: Lead, Iron, Chromium,
Tin and Zinc Fumes
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

 Soldering
operation
 Welding
 Lead-battery
making
 Mining operation
GASES

 Substances in the gaseous state at room temperature and

pressure.
 They do not have a warning odor at a dangerous
concentration.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

 By-product of incomplete combustion (carbon monoxide)

 Wastewater treatment plant (hydrogen sulfide & chlorine
gas)
 Refrigeration & fertilizer plants (ammonia)
 Machinery using diesel engine (nitrogen dioxide)
DUST
 Refers to the suspension of solid
particles in air.
Dust are classified according to size:
 Total dust – all dust particles in the
area
 Respirable dust – fraction of total
dust which passes through a
selector whose size is 7 microns and
below in diameter which can be
inhaled and deposited in the lungs
 Dusts/Particulates
Silica Dust Metal Dust Asbestos Dust
• Building • Leaded • Thermal &
materials paint acoustic
such as • Metallic insulation
stone, bricks lead • Fire resistant
& concrete walls & partitions
Wood Dust • Asbestos cement
• Flooring sheets & flooring
• Wood fixtures
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
 These dust particles are generated by physical processes
such as handling, grinding, drilling, milling and crushing
operations where solid materials are broken down.
WHAT IS SDS?

Safety Data Sheet

A summary of the
important health, safety
and toxicological
information on the
chemical or the mixture
ingredients.
 SDS

 Provide comprehensive information

about a chemical substance or
mixture
 Primarily for workplace use
 Employees & workers use these as a
source of information about hazards
and to obtain advice on safety
precautions
CONTENTS OF SDS

1. Identification of the Chemicals

9. Physical and chemical properties
2. Composition/Information on
10. Stability and reactivity
ingredients 11. Toxicological information
3. Hazards identification 12. Ecological information
13. Disposal considerations
4. First-aid measures 14. Transport information
5. Fire fighting measures 15. Regulatory information
16. Other information
6. Accidental release measures
7. Handling and storage
8. Exposure control
and personal protection
GHS …

 Globally Harmonized System (GHS) for

Classification and Labeling of
Chemicals
WHAT IS THE GHS?

• A common and coherent

approach of defining and
classifying hazards, and
communicating information on
labels and safety data sheets.
 GHS Symbols
Flame Flame over circle Exploding bomb
(Flammable/ (Oxidizing/ (Explosives/ Corrosion
Self-reactive/ etc.) Organic peroxide) Self-reactive/ etc.)

Exclamation Mark
Gas cylinder Skull and (Acute: lower level) Environment
(Compressed crossbones Double Exclamation (Aquatic toxicity)
gases) (Acute toxicity) (Chronic: higher
lev)
GHS PICTOGRAM

!
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