Scribd
Upload
6 views

Aircraft Structure - 1

Uploaded by

dkumawah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

Aircraft Structure - 1

Uploaded by

dkumawah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Aircraft Structure-1

Arun Rajput
Assistant Professor
Department of Aerospace Engineering
Chapter-1 Basic Concepts of Structural Analysis
 Equations of Equilibrium

 Stresses at a Point

 Stress Tensor and Cauchy Formula

 Transformation of Stress Components

 Principal Stresses and Principal Planes

 Symmetry of Stress Tensor

2
Principal Planes and Principal Stresses:

The planes which have no shear stress are called principal planes and the normal
stresses on these planes are called principal stresses.

σ 𝑛= ( σ 𝑥 −σ 𝑦
2 )(
+
σ 𝑥 +σ 𝑦
2 )
cos ( 2 Ѳ ) +τ 𝑥𝑦 sin ⁡(2 Ѳ)

τ =
𝑛 ( σ 𝑥− σ 𝑦
2 ) sin ( 2 Ѳ ) − τ 𝑥𝑦 cos ⁡(2 Ѳ)

On principal planes

Then

3
Shear Planes and Maximum Shear Stress:

The planes of maximum shear stress are called shear planes.

On shear planes

Then

4
Principal Stress Problems
Problem-1:

The tensile stresses at a point across two mutually perpendicular planes are
120MPa and 60MPa. Determine the tangential, normal, and resultant stress on a
plane inclined at 30degree to the axis of the minor stress.

Answer: Normal Stress – 105MPa.


Shear Stress – 25.98MPa
Resultant Stress – 108.16MPa
Problem-2:
Find the principal stresses, maximum shear stress, principal plane and shear
plane.

Answer: Principal Stresses – 92.6MPa.


– (-)62.6MPa
Principal Planes – 7.47Degree
Maximum Shear Stress – 77.6MPa
Shear Plane – (-) 37.5Degree 6
Principal Stress Problems
Problem-3:
A tension member is subjected to an axial stress of 10MPa and the plane of
oblique is 30 degree to axis of stress. Compute the normal and shear stress on the
oblique plane.

Answer: Normal Stress – 2.5MPa.


Shear Stress – 4.33MPa

Problem-4:
The principal stresses at a point in the section of a boiler shell are 120MPa and
30MPa both tensile. Find normal, tangential and resultant stresses across a plane
inclined at 50degree to 120MPa.

Answer: Normal Stress – 67.18MPa.


Shear Stress – 44.31MPa
Resultant Stress – 80.47

7
Principal Stress Problems
Problem-5:
A point is subjected to a tensile stress of 250MPa in the horizontal direction and
another tensile stress of 100MPa in horizontal direction. The point is also
subjected to a simple shear stress of 25MPa, such that when it is associated with
major tensile stress, it tends to rotate the element in the clockwise direction.
What is the magnitude of the normal and shear stresses on a section at angle of
20degree with the major tensile stress.
Answer: Normal Stress – 101.48MPa.
Shear Stress – 29.06MPa
Problem-6:
A plane element in a boiler is subjected to tensile stresses of 400MPa on one
plane and 150MPa on the other at right angles to the former. Each of the above
stresses is accompanied by a shear stress of 100MPa such that when associated
with the minor tensile stress tends to rotate the element in anticlockwise
direction. Find: 1. Principal stresses and their directions.
2. Maximum shearing stresses and the directions of the plane on which they act.
Answer: Principal Stresses – 435.1MPa, Maximum Shear Stress – 160.1MPa
– 114.9MPa
Principal Planes = 19.33deg., 109.33deg., Shear Planes = 25.67deg., 115.67deg.
8
Stress Tensor:

 Stress have magnitude direction and plane for definition.


 Stress do not follow vector law of addition.
 Stress follows the co-ordinate transformation law of addition.

9
Cauchy’s Stress Formula:

 If we know stress components acting on three mutually perpendicular planes


passing through a point, then one can determine the stress components acting
on any plane passing through that point. Stress follows the co-ordinate
transformation law of addition.

10
Equilibrium Equations:
, ,

Also

𝑻 𝑿 =𝝈 𝑿 .𝒏 𝑿 +𝝉 𝑿𝒀 .𝒏𝒀 +𝝉 𝑿𝒁 .𝒏 𝒁
Similarly

𝑻 𝒀 =𝝈 𝒀 .𝒏𝒀 +𝝉 𝒀𝑿 .𝒏𝑿 +𝝉 𝒀𝒁 .𝒏𝒁 𝑻 𝒁 =𝝈 𝒁 .𝒏 𝒁 +𝝉 𝒁𝑿 .𝒏 𝑿 +𝝉 𝒁𝒀 .𝒏𝒀


11
In general form:

𝑻 𝒊=τ 𝒊 𝑿 . 𝒏 𝑿 +𝝉 𝒊 𝒀 .𝒏𝒀 +𝝉 𝒊 𝒁 . 𝒏𝒁
Where, i = x, y, z

𝒁
𝑻 𝒊= ∑ 𝒏 𝒋 . τ 𝒊𝒋
𝒋= 𝑿

12
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Matrix:

Suppose the state of stress at a point in x, y, z coordinate system is given by

 Calculate the three invariants of this stress tensor.


 Determine the three principal stresses and principal planes.

Characteristics equation of the matrix

Where,

13
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Matrix:

The state of stress at a point is characterised by the matrix shown. Determine


such that there is at least one plane passing through the point in such a way that
the resultant
Where, stress on that plane is zero. Determine the direction cosines of
normal to that plane. are the stress invariants

14
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Matrix:

At a point P in a body the stresses are given by following matrix. Determine the
normal and shearing stresses on a plane that is equally inclined to all three axes.

Answer: σ – 20000MPa.
τ – 7000MPa

15
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Matrix:

The state of stress at a point is given by following matrix. Determine the principal
stress and principal direction. Also calculate the stress invariant.

Answer, : – 14.544MPa
– 2.77MPa
– 0.667MPa
Principal Planes – 0767, -0.5508, 0.323
-

16

You might also like