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Unit2_SessionPPT_13

This session focuses on curve fitting using least square approximation, specifically for first-order equations. Students will learn to derive normal equations and fit a straight line to given data. The session includes a review of previous methods, student evaluations, and preparation for the next session on second-order curve fitting.

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christina paulson
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2 views

Unit2_SessionPPT_13

This session focuses on curve fitting using least square approximation, specifically for first-order equations. Students will learn to derive normal equations and fit a straight line to given data. The session includes a review of previous methods, student evaluations, and preparation for the next session on second-order curve fitting.

Uploaded by

christina paulson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 2

Solution of Transcendental and


polynomial equation and Curve
Fitting
Session 13/36

Topic: Curve fitting using least square approximation – First order

Session Plan
Outline:
A. Attendance
B. Review of the previous session
C. Learning Outcomes of the session
D. Content
E. Student’s evaluation
F. Preparation for next session
G. Wrap up
2
B. Review of the previous session
• Newton-Raphson method
• Regula- Falsi method

3
C. Learning Outcomes :
• Derive normal equation for first order and second order
equations using curve fitting method
• Fit a straight line (first order) to the given data

4
D. Content
Contents Learning / Faculty Typical Student Skill/
Methodology Approach Activity Competency
Developed
Curve fitting Method
Derivation
Case I: Linear
Regression(first
PPT, Black Board Explain Derive Apply
order)
Case II: Polynomial
Regression (second
order)
Fitting a straight line
(first order) to the
PPT, Black Board Explain Solve Problem Solving
given data

5
Curve Fitting Method
● In many applications, it is required to express a given data obtained from observations, in the form
of a law connecting the two variables involved. Such a law inferred by some scheme is known as
empirical law.

● For example, it may be desired to obtain the law connecting the resistance of a conductor and the
temperature of a conductor. Then a law is obtained that represents the relationship existing
between temperature and resistance of observed values. This relation can further be used to
predict the resistance at an arbitrary temperature.

● The curve fitting method can be used for this application.

● Several equations of different types can be obtained to express the given data approximately. But
the problem is to find the equation of the curve of ‘best fit’ which may be most suitable for
predicting the unknown values. The process of finding such equation of ‘best fit’ is known as curve-
fitting.

● The Principle of Least Squares provides an effective procedure of fitting a unique curve to a given
solution.
Case I: Linear Regression

To fit the straight line y=ax + b

The above normal equations can be used to find the value of a and b
and hence find the best fit straight line.

7
Case II: Polynomial Regression
To fit the parabola y=a + bx + cx2

The above normal equations can be used to find the value of a and b
and hence find the best fit curve.

8
Q. Find the equation of a straight line which approximatesa the
following data
xi 1 2 3 4 6 8
yi (x) 2 3 4 4 5 6
Q. Fit a straight line to the following data considering y as dependent
variable
x 1 3 5 7 9
y 1.5 2.8 4.0 4.7 6.0
Q. Fit a straight line to the following data considering y as dependent
variable

x 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10
y 5 5 4 5 4 3 4 3 3
E. Student’s evaluation :
1. The line obtained by the method of least square is known as the
line of __________.
2. A smooth curve that can be drawn to pass through near the
plotted points is called _______.

12
F. Preparation for next session
• Curve fitting using least square approximation -second
order

13
G. Wrap Up
• Derivation of Curve fitting using least square
approximation – First order
• Fitting a straight line (first order) to the given
data

14
15

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