NATURE OF

TEACHING AND
TEACHER ROLES
OUTLINE OF THE
PRESENTATION
Definition of Teaching
Functions of teaching
Nature of teaching
Characteristics of teaching
Who is ‘teacher’?
Qualities of a good teacher
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Students will be able to:
Define teaching
Elaborate nature of teaching
Explain nature of teaching
Discuss functions of teaching
List the characteristics of teaching
Enumerate the characteristics of good teacher
WHAT IS TEACHING?
Teaching is a process
intended for learning
by including a
behavioral changes in
the taught.
Teaching is an activity
of facilitating learning
DEFINITION OF TEACHING
According to Morrison “Teaching is a disciplined social
process in which teacher influences the behavior of
the less experienced pupils that helps him to develop
according to the need and ideas of the society”.
According to Smith “Teaching is an organized system
of specific activities aimed to help the learners learn
something”.
FUNCTIONS OF TEACHING
To provide learning environment
To understand the need of the learner
To facilitate the learner and learning
To provide guidance
To provide training
NATURE OF TEACHING
Teaching is a process
It is art as well as science
Formal as well as informal process
Social process
Goal oriented process
Task oriented process
1. TEACHING AS A PROCESS
 Initially Teaching is considered as bipolar process i.e. between
teacher and student/learner
 Than another poles is added i.e curriculum and popular as tri
polar process which involved Teacher, learner and the
curriculum
 One of the important factor i.e. learning environment has also
taken place so teaching is considered as Four Polar Process:
Teacher
Student
Curriculum
Learning Environment
2. ART AS WELL AS SCIENCE
Teaching is an art in terms of shaping
the personality of a child and modify
his behavior and nurture the
capabilities of a child.
Teaching is science as well because it
involves techniques, procedure and
skills that can be systematically
studied, described and improved.
3. FORMAL AS WELL AS
INFORMAL PROCESS
Teaching is a formal as well as informal process
Formal in the sense in which teacher planned the instructional
objectives, planned the activities to be organized in classroom
and explore the resources that will be utilized in the classroom
and execute all the activities which he planned in a very
systematic way.
Informal in the sense that students learnt a lot informally by
teacher’s attributes, characteristics and his personality and
follow in their life. Some students changed their inclination
from one subject to another due to the teacher only and some
students dreamed to be a teacher by influencing the
personality of teachers.
4. SOCIAL PROCESS
 It is a social activity because it involves human being
and social factors. It involves student, teacher and
societal environment. The society and nature of
human (student and teacher) is dynamic not static.
This process is complex as sell due to complexity in
social structure and human nature. A teacher need to
understand the social and psychological factors
associated with the students. Because they directly
affect the learning of students.
5. GOAL ORIENTED
PROCESS
 Teaching is a goal oriented process. Behavior
modification and harmonious development is the
ultimate goal of teaching. At the planning stage
goals/ objectives are determined and ascertained at
implementation stage.
6. TASK ORIENTED PROCESS
 Teaching is goal oriented process. A teacher has to plan
various task/activities to achieve these goals. In that context it
is task oriented task. Task may be divided into two:
Teacher’s Task Student’s Task
 Planning the lesson  Participate in activities
 Present the lesson planned by teacher
 Evaluate the student’s  Responding according to
understanding stimuli
INTERACTIVE PROCESS
Teaching is highly dominated by communication. In classroom
two types of communication existed
Verbal communication and Non verbal communication
Verbal communication refers to a form of communication in
which message is transmitted verbally; communication is done
by word of mouth and a piece of writing.
The non-verbal communication is the process of conveying
meaning without the use of words either written or spoken. In
other words, any communication made between two or more
persons through the use of facial expressions, hand
movements, body language, postures, and gestures is called
as non-verbal communication.
ORGANIZED AND
SYSTEMATIC PROCESS
 It is an organized and systematic process. There are three
phases of teaching (preactive, interactive, and postactive). All
the activites must be organized under these three phases.
 All the steps are arranged in hierarchical order. If it is not
arranged systematically so ultimate goal can not be achieved.
 Systematic process involves arrangement of content according
to Maxims of teaching and following the principle of teaching.
SPECIALIZED TASK
 Teaching is a very complex task that requires skills to ascertain
the predetermine objectives which are as follows:
Skills of introducing the lesson
skills of probing question
skill of explanation
Skill of illustration with examples
skills of reinforcement
skill of stimulus variation
skill of board writing
AMENABLE TO SCIENTIFIC
OBSERVATION AND
ANALYSIS

Teaching process can be observed, analyzed and assessed
through teacher behavior, pupil-teacher interaction and the
changes brought in the behavior of the pupils. Such analysis
and assessment may provide essential feedback for bringing
desirable improvement in this process, e.g
 Flander’s interaction analysis
 Micro teaching
 Simulated teaching
 Role playing
CHARACTERISTICS OF
TEACHING
 Dynamic, Social and Humane: Influenced by human and social
factors
 An Art and Science: exercise of being systematic and including
talent and creativity
 Diverse in application: there are various forms of teaching
such as conditioning, training, instruction and indoctrination
 Professional activity: involves teacher and student and result
in the development of the students
 Result oriented: outcome is modification of behavior
VARIOUS FORMS OF
TEACHING
 Teaching may be carried out in following forms
Conditioning
Training
Instruction
Indoctrination
CONDITIONING AND
TRAINING
Conditioning: Lowest level of mode of teaching. Most of our
desirable or undesirable behaviors and habits are the creation
of the process of conditioning
e.g. A dog may be conditioned to lift his paw when it
hears a bell.

Training: It is more raised level of reaching than conditioning.

It helps in shaping conduct and inculcating various skills.
e.g. a worker may be trained to perform certain specific
skills. He may do a number of jobs on some machines skillfully
without knowing its basic structure and operation.
INSTRUCTION
 It is concerned with the development of knowledge and
understanding in an individual about the thing, system or
process.
 Imparting of knowledge and understanding merely represent
one of the many objectives which we want to achieve through
the process of teaching.

 While teaching is aimed towards shaping a total man, the

instruction cares only for the development of intellect and
affects the cognitive domain of one’s behavior. Teaching
involves instructions.
INDOCTRINATION
 Transmission of doctrine, firm faith or system of beliefs
 Shaping of beliefs and ideas
 Require higher order of intelligence and result bringing quite
stable changes
 E.g Hitler ruled over Germany and indoctrinate the youth
 Saints indoctrinate people and people follow the same
WHO IS TEACHER?
 When a person imparts information or skills to another, its
common to describe the action as teaching and that person
known as teacher. Imparting may mean to share experiences
or communicating information for instance by lecture or
activity.
 A teacher is a more mature person who helps pupil to learn.
Teacher is the key component of classroom which initiate
teaching learning process. He creates the environment of
learning in the classroom. He must be a facilitator not
transmitter of knowledge.
QUALITIES OF A GOOD
TEACHER
 Subject expert
 Confident
 Effective communicator
 Patient listener
 Adaptive
 Empathetic
QUALITIES OF A GOOD
TEACHER
 Committed
 Innovative
 Organizer
 Team leader
 Continuous learner
 ICT enabler
 counsellor