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Lec-8

The document explains the structure and usage of a three-variable Karnaugh map (K-map) for simplifying Boolean functions. It illustrates how to represent minterms and combine squares to minimize the number of literals in product terms. Examples demonstrate the application of these concepts in minimizing functions F and G.

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13 views

Lec-8

The document explains the structure and usage of a three-variable Karnaugh map (K-map) for simplifying Boolean functions. It illustrates how to represent minterms and combine squares to minimize the number of literals in product terms. Examples demonstrate the application of these concepts in minimizing functions F and G.

Uploaded by

apex.wali3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Three Variable Maps

 A three-variable K-map:
yz=00 yz=01 yz=11 yz=10
x=0 m0 m1 m3 m2
x=1 m4 m5 m7 m6
 Where each minterm corresponds to the product
terms:
yz=00 yz=01 yz=11 yz=10
x=0 x y z xyz xyz xyz
x=1 x y z xyz xyz xyz
 Note that if the binary value for an index differs in one
bit position, the minterms are adjacent on the K-Map

Chapter 2 - Part 2 1
Example Functions
 By convention, we represent the minterms of F by a "1"
in the map
 Example: y
0 3 2
1
1 1
F(x, y, z) m(2,3,4,5)
x 41 5
1 7 6

 Example: z
y
G(a, b, c) m(3,4,6,7)
0 1 3 2
1
x 41 5 7
1 6
1
z
Chapter 2 - Part 2 2
Combining Squares
 By combining squares, we reduce number of
literals in a product term, reducing the literal cost,
thereby reducing the other two cost criteria
 On a 3-variable K-Map:
• One square represents a minterm with three
variables
• Two adjacent squares represent a product term with
two variables
• Four “adjacent” terms represent a product term
with one variable
• Eight “adjacent” terms is the function of all ones (no
variables) = 1.
Chapter 2 - Part 2 3
Example: Combining Squares
 Example: Let y
0 1 3 2
F m(2,3,6,7) 1 1
x 4 5 7
1 6
1
z
 Applying the Minimization Theorem three times:

F( x , y , z ) = x y z + x y z + x y z + x y z
= yz + y z = y
 Thus the four terms that form a 2 × 2 square correspond to the
term "y".

Chapter 2 - Part 2 4

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