Hello and Welcome!

LESSON 3

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RULES 1. Be on time

Do you remember? 2. Be interactive

3. 100% or Nothing!
4. Do all Daily Challenges

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 Objectives
01 Marking criteria

02 Paraphrasing

03 Paragraphing

04 Causes/Problems - Solutions Essay

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 01. Marking criteria

Task Coherence Lexical Grammatical Range

Achievement & Cohesion Resource & Accuracy

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 How to achieve 6.0 in IELTS
Writing Task 2?

Task Coherence Lexical Grammatical Range

Achievement & Cohesion Resource & Accuracy
✔ Ideas are arranged ✔ Adequate range of
✔ All parts of the task ✔ A mix of simple &
logically vocabulary
are addressed complex structures
✔ There is a clear ✔ Attempts to use
✔ Most ideas are fully ✔ Some errors but
progression less common
developed they rarely reduce
✔ Cohesive devices vocabulary
✔ Position is clearly communication
are used
presented
effectively
✔ No irrelevant
information

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02. Paraphrasing

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 What is
paraphrasing?
⇨ Presenting ideas and information using different
words

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 How to
paraphrase?

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 Ex: Many people say that studying abroad can bring a lot of benefits to
students.
Synonyms:
1 Many people say that studying overseas can bring a variety of
advantages to students.
Word forms:
2 Many people say that studying abroad can be beneficial to
students.
Dummy subjects:
3 It is said that studying abroad can bring a lot of benefits to
students.
Active - Passive:
4 Many people say that a lot of benefits can be gained from studying
abroad by students.
⇨ It is said that a variety of advantages can be gained from studying
overseas by students 6:02
 How to paraphrase:

01 02 03 04
Synonyms Word forms Dummy subjects Active - Passive

6:03
 Practice | Rewrite the following
• sentences:
Using a computer every day can have negative effects on children.
(negative impacts/ harmful)
➔ It is said that …
• TV shows with violence scenes should be limited by the local
government. (restrict)
➔ The local government …
• The amount of fast food consumed in the world has increased
dramatically. (grow, significantly)
➔ The consumption of …
• Many people believe that car emissions have a profound impact on the
environment. (gases, environmental)
➔ It is believed that …
• In order to solve traffic problems, governments should tax private car
owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation.
(tackle, impose, enhance)
➔ Heavy taxes …
• 10 mins
Global warming is one of the most serious issues that the world -6:15
is facing
today. (suffer, severe, problems)
03. Paragraphing
How to develop your idea
Single-idea paragraph & double-idea paragraph

6:16
How to develop your idea

1 Present your main idea

Provide extra details

2 (reasons, comparisons, hypothesis or examples)

Expand further
3 (results, consequences or effects)

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 How to develop your idea
1 Present your main idea

Example 1: Benefits of online studying

→ People can save a lot of money by choosing online courses.
→ By attending online classes, busy people can manage their
schedules easily.

Example 2: Advantages & disadvantages of advertising

→ Advertising helps introduce new products into the market
→ A lot of misleading information about products is being used to 6:20
 Provide extra details (reason, comparison, hypothesis
2 or example)

Hypothesis:
Idea: Advertising helps introduce new products into the market
-> If companies do not make use of advertisements, their products will not be widely
publicized to customers.

Example:
Idea: A lot of misleading information about products is being used to
attract more and more consumers.
-> For instance, many Chinese smartphones might not be high-quality and durable;
however, their real values are still overrated by marketers in certain cases.
6:24
3 Expand further (result, consequence or effect)

People can save a lot of money by choosing online courses. This is

because the organizers of most online classes do not have to pay money
for printed materials or teaching equipment, so the tuition fees for these
classes are significantly lower compared to the traditional ones.

-> Expand: As a result, students can allocate their budget to other things such as
buying materials or paying for exam fees.

6:27
 Practice
Analyze the paragraph below following 3 steps:

One problem with tourists is their contribution to the environmental

degradation of the local region. This is because in many countries, some
famous tourist destinations are now suffering from the excessive waste left
behind by travellers arriving from outside. Regardless of all attempts from the
local community, some places of interest are also gradually drowning in
garbage, leading to water pollution and the frequent overflow of sewage
systems.
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Single-idea paragraph
&
Double-idea paragraph

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 Causes/Problems - Solutions

01 02
Single-idea Double-idea
paragraph paragraph

❏ Step 1: Present 1 main idea ❏ Step 1: Topic sentence

(summarize the main ideas)
❏ Step 2: Provide extra details
(an example should be ❏ Step 2: Present the first
included) idea & supporting details
❏ Step 3: Expand further ❏ Step 3: Present the second
(results, consequences or idea & supporting details
effects)

6:38
 01
Single-idea
paragraph
One problem with international tourists is their contribution to the
environmental degradation of the local region. In many countries, some
famous tourist destinations are now suffering from the excessive waste
left behind by travellers arriving from outside. This can possibly lead to
adverse effects on the local environment including water pollution and the
frequent overflow of sewage systems. For example, countries which have
a huge dependence on the tourism sector such as Thailand might have to
face a growing amount of litter, posing a serious threat to its coastline
which is home to a variety of animals such as turtles and birds. As long as
the number of tourists pouring into one place maintains an upward trend,
the living space of the local inhabitants will be exposed to danger.

6:41
 02
Double-idea paragraph

As travelling across borders is gaining in popularity, several related

problems can be anticipated. One problem with tourists is their contribution
to the environmental degradation of the local region. In many countries,
some famous tourist destinations are now suffering from the excessive
waste left behind by travellers arriving from outside. Regardless of all
attempts from the local community, some places of interest are also
gradually drowning in garbage, leading to water pollution and the frequent
overflow of sewage systems. Moreover, when it comes to the decline of the
local community’s well-being, international tourists are to blame since this
trend increases the risk of spreading infectious diseases. For example,
viruses such as Covid-19 can be transmitted to the locals if an infected
traveler visits their country. This explains why international tourism could
potentially create a global disease outbreak. 6:44
04. Causes/Problems -
Solutions

6:45
 Causes - Problems -
Solutions
Problems - Solutions
Most countries believe that international tourism has harmful
effects. What problems are caused by international tourism?
Solutions to change negative attitudes?

Causes - Solutions

Nowadays, a large number of wild animals are under the threat

of extinction. What are the reasons for this? What can be
done to solve this problem?

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 Causes - Problems -
Solutions
Problems - Solutions

Most countries believe that international tourism has harmful

effects. What problems are caused by international tourism?
Solutions to change negative attitudes?

6:50
7:00
Causes - Problems - Solutions
Opening Background statement: It is true that … (paraphrase the topic)
Thesis statement:
● There are a number of reasons behind this phenomenon/tendency/trend/view and
several solutions should be adopted to improve the situation. (Causes - Solutions)
● Several problems have resulted from this tendency and they should be tackled by a
number of effective solutions. (Problems - Solutions)

Body 1 Topic sentence: This issue might be attributable to two main reasons. (Causes)/As … ,
several related problems can be anticipated. (Problems)
Idea 1: The major challenge/underlying cause is that…
Idea 2: Another possible consequence/contributing factor is that…

Body 2 Topic sentence: Some practical solutions are suggested to mitigate the problem.
Idea 1: A useful suggestion would be to/ the best course of action would be to
Idea 2: Another positive way to deal with … is that/ The situation could be improved if…

Conclusio In conclusion, there are various negative consequences of ... and appropriate steps need
to be taken to tackle these problems. (Problems - Solutions)
n In conclusion, it is clear that there are various reasons for ..., and steps need to be taken
to tackle this problem. (Causes - Solutions)
*Another way to conclude is to summarize your ideas using different words
7:00
Causes - Problems - Solutions
Opening Background statement: It is true that … (paraphrase the topic)
Thesis statement:
● There are a number of reasons behind this phenomenon/tendency/trend/view and
several solutions should be adopted to improve the situation. (Causes - Solutions)
● Several problems have resulted from this tendency and they should be tackled by a
number of effective solutions. (Problems - Solutions)

Body 1 Topic sentence: This issue might be attributable to two main reasons. (Causes)/As … ,
several related problems can be anticipated. (Problems)
Idea 1: The major challenge/underlying cause is that…
Idea 2: Another possible consequence/contributing factor is that…

Body 2 Topic sentence: Some practical solutions are suggested to mitigate the problem.
Idea 1: A useful suggestion would be to/ the best course of action would be to
Idea 2: Another positive way to deal with … is that/ The situation could be improved if…

Conclusio In conclusion, there are various negative consequences of ... and appropriate steps need
to be taken to tackle these problems. (Problems - Solutions)
n In conclusion, it is clear that there are various reasons for ..., and steps need to be taken
to tackle this problem. (Causes - Solutions)
*Another way to conclude is to summarize your ideas using different words
7:01

Causes - Problems -
Solutions
Let’s brainstorm

Most countries believe that international tourism has

harmful effects. What problems are caused by
international tourism? Solutions to change negative
attitudes?
7:06

Let’s brainstorm
Problems caused by international Solutions to solve the problems
tourism
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SAMPLE
It is true that thanks to the advances in air travel, traveling abroad has never been easier, which is
unfortunately posing a serious threat to the local environment and its inhabitants. There are a number of
problems caused by this tendency and several solutions should be adopted to improve the situation.
As travelling across borders is gaining in popularity, several related problems can be anticipated. One
problem with tourists is their contribution to the environmental degradation of the local region. In many
countries, some famous tourist destinations are now suffering from the excessive waste left behind by
travellers arriving from outside. Regardless of all attempts from the local community, some places of
interest are also gradually drowning in garbage, leading to water pollution and the frequent overflow of
sewage systems. Moreover, when it comes to the decline of the local community’s well-being, international
tourists are to blame since this trend increases the risk of spreading infectious diseases. For example,
viruses such as Covid-19 can be transmitted to the locals if an infected traveler visits their country. This
explains why international tourism could potentially create a global disease outbreak .
Some practical solutions are suggested to mitigate the problem. First of all, the local authorities can take
measures to educate prospective tourists. To be specific, they should be made aware of their potential
impacts on the local community via mass media including social networks and international TV channels.
This can hopefully promote more responsible behaviors among outsiders. Another method is to impose
stricter regulations regarding medical checks and quarantine policies on arrival. By identifying and isolating
those who are sick, the local community can be protected from the deadly viruses. As a result, both local
and global tourists can enjoy a safe and healthy journey.
In conclusion, the detriment of international travel can bring consequences to the local people’s lives and
living space. However, such damage can be minimized by taking serious measures and precautions by the
7:15

Useful Vocabulary
and Expressions
pose a serious threat to/ threatens the survival of: đe dọa/ đe dọa sự sinh
1. ______
gain
tồn
degradation
2. ______in popularity: ngày càngdeterioration
phổ biến
contaminated ____________ /_____________: sự giảm sút, suy yếu của môi
3. environmental
trường
places of interest
4. ________________(adj)
heritage = polluted
historica
drown
5. _________________~ l tourist destinations
wellbeingsites/ __________ sites: khu bảo tồn di sản/ lịch sử
6. _________
pandemicin garbage: chìm trong bể
7. _________ outbreak
rác
8. __________(n): tình trạng hạnh phúc, khỏe mạnh
infectious
9. __________ (n): dịch bệnh/ disease ___________ (n): sự bùng nổ của dịch bệnh
10. spread __________ diseases: lây lan bệnh dịch
7:20

Useful Vocabulary
and Expressions
promote responsible behaviors: khuyến khích các hành vi có trách nhiệm
11. __________
heighten people’s awareness: làm tăng nhận thức
12. __________
loss
13. the ________ of natural habitats: sự mất đi môi trường sống tự nhiên
14. tranquility tranquil
____________ (n): sự yên tĩnh -> __________ (adj): yên tĩnh
15. run-down
____________ (adj): cũ kỹ (buildings, infrastructure, factories,...)
cost of living
16. a rise in the ________________: sự gia tăng trong chi phí sống
17. prices of goods & servicesgo up
_______: giá hàng hoá và dịch vụ tăng
pristine unspoilt
18. _________/ _________ landscapes: quan cảnh hoang sơ, chưa bị tàn phá
19. put pressure on local resources: tạo áp lực lên nguồn tài nguyên địa phương
_____________
20. aggravate
_____________ traffic congestions: làm trầm trọng vấn nạn kẹt xe
7:25
Useful
phrases
CAUSES PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS
❏ to result in + Noun/V-ing
❏ the underlying cause of ❏ to lead to + Noun/V-ing ❏ It is advisable/imperative/vital
… ❏ to give rise to + Noun/ V-ing that S+V
❏ the major reason for … ❏ One solution to
❏ to contribute to + Noun/V-
❏ …to be a determining solve/overcome/combat this
/contributing factor ing problem is
❏ …to be attributable to + ❏ Thanks to + Noun/V-ing, … ❏ To
Noun/V-ing (caused by) ❏ Because of/ Due to/ Owing improve/mitigate/ameliorate
❏ to result from … to + Noun/V-ing,... the situation
❏ to stem from … ❏ As a consequence (of sth), ❏ The best course of action
❏ to originate from … S+V would be to
❏ to derive from … ❏ One positive way forward is to
❏ As a result, S+V
❏ to be responsible for … ❏ N + could prove
❏ to cause sb/sth to do sth ❏ For this reason, S+V effective/useful in
❏ Accordingly, S+V ❏ It would be a good idea if
❏ Thus/Hence/Therefore, S+V
❏ S+V and therefore + V
❏ S+V, hence N
❏ S+V, thus/thereby + Ving
7:31 – must relate to cause/prob

How to present a
solution?
❏ Step 1: What is the solution?
❏ Step 2: How to do it?
❏ Step 3: What would be the outcome?

★ Analyze the paragraph below following 3

steps:
Some practical solutions are suggested to mitigate the problem. First of all, the local
authorities can take measures to educate prospective tourists. To be specific, they should
be made aware of their potential impacts on the local community via mass media including
social networks and international TV channels. This can hopefully promote more responsible
behaviors among outsiders. Another method is to impose stricter regulations regarding
medical checks and quarantine policies on arrival. By identifying and isolating those who
are sick, the local community can be protected from the deadly viruses. As a result, both
local and global tourists can enjoy a safe and healthy journey.
7:32

PRACTICE

Nowadays, a large number of wild animals are under the threat

of extinction. What are the reasons for this? What can be
done to solve this problem?
7:37

Let’s brainstorm
Reasons why wild animals are under Solutions to protect wild animals
the threat of extinction
7:41
Environment
1. introduce laws: ban hành luật
2. impose stricter penalties on: ban hành các hình phạt nghiêm khắc hơn
3. harsher punishment: sự trừng phạt nghiêm khắc
4. deter people from committing: ngăn chặn con người khỏi phạm phải
5. on the verge of extinction: trên bờ vực tuyệt chủng
6. strict policies: những chính sách nghiêm ngặt
7. the rapid expansion: sự mở rộng nhanh chóng
8. primary forest: rừng nguyên sinh
9. chopped down to make way for: bị chặt hạ để nhường chỗ cho
10. industrialization: sự công nghiệp hoá
11. disruption in the ecosystem: sự rối loạn trong hệ sinh
thái
12. illegal hunting and poaching: nạn săn bắt trái phép
13. horns, ivory tusks: sừng, ngà

Useful
14. highly valuable items: những sản phẩm giá trị
15. black market: thị trường chợ đen
16. poachers: người săn bắt/buôn bán động vật trái phép

Vocabular
17. establishment and maintenance: sự thành lập và duy
trì
18. natural reserves: các khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên
19. over-exploitation: khai thác quá đà
7:44
Thank you

7:45