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4 Maintenace

The document provides an overview of multimeters, detailing their functions as DC/AC voltmeters, ammeters, and ohm meters, along with guidelines for measuring voltage and current safely. It also covers the types of fuses, their purposes, and the procedures for testing continuity and resistance, as well as replacing fuses and circuit breakers. Safety precautions are emphasized, particularly regarding handling power sources and capacitors.

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2 views

4 Maintenace

The document provides an overview of multimeters, detailing their functions as DC/AC voltmeters, ammeters, and ohm meters, along with guidelines for measuring voltage and current safely. It also covers the types of fuses, their purposes, and the procedures for testing continuity and resistance, as well as replacing fuses and circuit breakers. Safety precautions are emphasized, particularly regarding handling power sources and capacitors.

Uploaded by

sscreations.official2022155
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basics of Maintenance -4

Multimeter
 Analog Multimeter
Multimeter

 Can be used as
1. DC voltmeter
2. AC voltmeter
3. DC ammeter
4. Ohm meter
Multimeter

 Any time that you’re checking a circuit with


your multimeter, you must know whether the
circuit is AC (alternating current) or DC (direct
current) and
 How much current and voltage you’re
potentially handling.
 You must also decide whether you want to
measure volts, amps or continuity.(Ohm)
 there are four different areas of my
multimeter’s dial.
 V DC (volts DC),
 V AC (volts AC),
 A DC (amps DC),
 A AC (amps AC).
 You select one of these four areas of the dial
depending on whether you wanted to
measure volts or amps of DC or AC current.
 The next step in the process is to select an
appropriate range.
 multimeter has several values that
designate range.
 You shouldn’t use a two-volt setting to
measure 600 volts.
 If you’re unsure of the approximate voltage range,
start with the maximum range and work your way
down.
 Suppose that you had a two-volt power source but
weren’t sure if you were dealing with two volts or 200
volts.
 You should initially measure the voltage with the
highest possible range ( 600 volts).
 Two volts won’t even show up on a 600-volt scale,
so next you’d disconnect the meter, set it to the next
lowest range, and try measuring the voltage again.
 Eventually, as you repeat this procedure, you’ll find
the appropriate range.
Polarity
 Multimeter has a red probe and a black probe.
 When measuring AC, NO matter which probe goes to which
wire because AC alternates positive and negative on each wire.
 When measuring DC, you should observe polarity by attaching
the red probe to the positive and the black probe to the
negative.
 Often the power source will already use red and black wires,
making it easy to determine which is positive and which is
negative.
 Most digital multimeters have a reverse polarity display, but
most analog meters do not.
 Reversing the polarity on an analog meter could possibly bend
the needle and damage the meter movement.
 Measuring current and voltage are the only
operations that should be performed with the
power on.
 Never take any other type of measurements
with the power on.
 If you’re measuring something besides
current or voltage (i.e., resistance or
continuity), the device you’re testing should
be unplugged.
 Even if the power source is disconnected, touch only
the plastic on the multimeter’s probes and never the
metal.
 Capacitors store electricity, and accidentally touching
the wrong spots on a circuit board with the probes
can release this charge.
 Some capacitors within devices such as TVs and
computer monitors can hold a large, very dangerous
charge for several HOURS after the device has been
unplugged.
 These latent charges can hold enough electricity to
kill a person.
Testing continuity

A continuity test involves using the Ohms section of
the multimeter
 Set the range to the smallest possible resistance
level (lowest number of milliohms).
 place one probe at one end of the wire that you’re
testing and place the other probe at the other end.
 If the resistance level is very low, then the connection
is good and current can get through the wire, or the
circuit is “closed.”
 If the resistance level is infinite, then the circuit is
“open” or has a break in it.
Testing resistance

 You can use the Ohm section of your multimeter to


test a resistor .
 First, make sure that there’s no power going through
the circuit.
 Then place one probe on each side of the resistor or
terminator that you’re testing and set the appropriate
ohm level.
 Terminators typically have the ohm level printed
somewhere on or near them.
 Terminators that are used in coaxial network cable
have two options, either 50 or 75 ohms.
 Resistors use a series of colored bands to indicate
their ohm level and their tolerance
Fuse
Types of Fuses
 General Purpose Fuses
( Normal blow)
1. Element is thin metal strip or a straight piece
of wire
2. In various ratings
General Purpose Fuses
Types of Fuses
 Slow Blow Fuses
1. Designed for short high surge current.
2. momentary high peak currents needed for
motors, transformers or power supplies
when first switched on
3. Element is a piece of wire attached to a
spring
4. or wire with Two metal beads
Slow Blow Fuses
Fuse Locations
 Depend on the manufacturer
 Control cabinet
 At HT transformer
 Bucky table and vertical Bucky –etc etc
 Refer manuals for externally access fuses
To find an open circuit fuse
 Visually- metal deposit
 Using a multi meter
-continuity test
Set to low ohms range
And no indication when attached- open circuit
***
Do not test fuses while in the equipment
Why fuse fails
1. A fault in the equipment
- Fuse blown to protect the equipment. Often
You can see metal on the glass
2. Power surges
3. No fault- fuse fatigue due to long use
4. Incorrect fuse-
- Using a 5A fuse where 10A needed
Replacing fuses
 Switch off Power

 Unplug from power point

 Turn Off the main power isolation switch


Fuse Holders
 Between two spring clips
- Remove by pushing/lifting at one end ( do not
insert pressure in the middle)

- Spring clip should have a +ve grip. If not,


before re-inserting the fuse slightly bend clip
inwards .
In a container
i. Front appears as a square.

ii. No screw driver slot, small gap under front

iii. Use screw driver to release the catch, and


internal spring release the fuse
Circuit breakers
 For large currents- main supply to generator
 Small breakers are also used for 5A,10A
fuses
 Checked the position of the switch when
tripped and be sure it is in OFF position
before switch back to the ONN position
*If , in half way between ONN/OFF push to OFF
* ALWAYS POWER OFF BEFORE RESET
REPLACEMENT

 Same ratings
 Glass fuse/ Ceramic Fuse
 If same ratings not available, use a smaller
rated fuse- 2.5A for 3A-temporarily
 If Slow blow not available, use a normal fuse
with same ratings-temporarily
 Do not use slow blow fuse for normal fuse

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