Project on Reliability Assessment &

Improvement of Distribution
Systems using ETAP( A case study
for IEEE 9 bus system)
Supervisor: Sandip Neupane Institute: PUSET

Presented By: Dhanraj Bista Date :2081-12-21

Introduction

1 Reliability and its 2 Importance 3 Causes of low

importance •
reliability
Ensures customer
•Power system Adequacy, satisfaction and reduces
security and availability . economic losses( direct &
Indirect losses).
.A highly reliable system has
fewer outages and faster • Improves system efficiency
restoration times.— and stability.
• Ensures Continut
.It is now recognized fact that
almost 90 % of electricity
Fig. 1. Causes of failures of the
interruptions are due to
distribution system
malfunctions in electric
distribution system.
Load Point and System Reliability Indices
Load Point Indices:

• Failure Rate (λ): The frequency at which a component fails per unit of time. Formula: λ = Number of Failures / Total Operating Time
• Repair Time (r): The average time required to repair a failed component. Formula: r = Total Repair Time / Number of Failures
• Annual Outage Time (U): The total time a load point is out of service per year. Formula: U = λ * r

System Reliability Indices:

• System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI): The average number of interruptions per customer per year. Formula: SAIFI = Σ
Number of Customer Interruptions / Total Number of Customers
• System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI): The average duration of interruptions per customer per year. Formula: SAIDI = Σ
Customer Interruption Durations / Total Number of Customers
• Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (CAIDI): The average interruption duration for customers who experience interruptions.
Formula: CAIDI = Σ Customer Interruption Durations / Total Number of Customer Interruptions
• Average Service Availability Index (ASAI): The fraction of time a customer has power available. Formula: ASAI = Σ Customer Hours of
Available Service / Σ Customer Hours Demanded
• Energy Not Supplied (EENS): The total energy not supplied due to system failures. Formula: EENS = Σ Load Interrupted * Interruption Duration
Literature Review
Integration of Renewable "Reliability Assessment of "Reliability Assessment | Distribution
Energy Sources: Distribution System With Network Analysis - ETAP":​Default
Distributed Generation: A Case
• Talukdar et al. (2021) conducted a • Summary: This resource provides an
Study" (2023):​
comprehensive reliability analysis of an overview of ETAP's Reliability
active distribution network incorporating • Authors: Ankush Kumar, Prashant Assessment module, detailing its
solar, wind, and tidal energy sources. Gupta, Deepak Kumar, and Rajveer features for modeling and analyzing
The study employed a multi-state • Singh​
Summary: This paper investigates the distribution power systems. It
reliability model combining Markov and reliability assessment of a distribution emphasizes the module's capability to
well-being frameworks to evaluate system by integrating Distributed assess availability and quality of power,
reliability indices such as SAIDI, SAIFI, Generation (DG) units. The study models perform contingency studies, and
CAIDI, AENS, EENS, ECOST, and IEAR. the IEEE 9-bus system using ETAP calculate various reliability indices,
Findings indicated that integrating software and evaluates reliability indices including EENS. ​Default
multiple renewable energy sources such as SAIFI, SAIDI, and EENS. The
enhances grid reliability and reduces research examines scenarios both with
monetary losses from customer and without DG integration, highlighting
interruptions. ​ the impact on system reliability and the
Wiley Online Library+1SpringerLink+ associated costs of energy not supplied.
Effective reliability modeling
Methodology
Model the IEEE-9 bus system in ETAP

Load reliability data, system data, failure rate, etc.

Estimation of RI without DG

Deployment of 1MW DG set

Computation of RI with DG ,line configuration modification.

Improvement in RI
Methodology ETAP Simulation
Modeling
Create a distribution system model in ETAP. Define component failure rates and repair times.

Analysis
Perform reliability analysis using ETAP tools. Run reliability simulation to compute indices (SAIDI, SAIFI, etc.).

Results
Extract EENS values from the simulation.Analyze results and identify areas for improvement.

ETAP (Electrical transient analysis program) Features for Reliability Analysis

• Load Flow Analysis: Evaluates the normal operating conditions of the network.
• Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA): Identifies weak points in the system.
• Short circuit analysis
• Reliability Block Diagram (RBD): Models the system to compute reliability indices.
 How ETAP Helps in
Reliability
Improvement
• Simulates different reliability improvement scenarios.
• Identifies the most cost-effective solution.
• Provides visual and statistical analysis of reliability
indices.

IEEE 9 Bus system in Etap.

Reliability Improvement
Redundancy
Add redundant components (e.g., double line, double feeder, ring main feeder).

Automation
Implement automated switching (e.g., auto-reclosers, protection coordination).

Maintenance
Improve maintenance schedules.

Distributed Generation Technology

Increase penetration of PV, wind energy resources, V2G.

Voltage Regulation
Implement advanced voltage regulation techniques (e.g., capacitor bank, transformer tap change).
 IEEE 9 bus system
model designed
using ETAP
software for case
study.
ETAP is the simulation tool used for single-line diagram
representation, designing, load flowanalysis, reliability
assessment (RA), and various analyses of power
system parameters
Fig. 3. Reliability Assessment of the IEEE 9 bus model
using ETAP
System Reliability Indices Without DG

Location Average Average outage Average outage EENS MWh

interruption f/year duration hour duration hour/year hour/year

Load A Bus 5 0.0272 81.66 2.2018 267.1029

Load B Bus 6 0.0272 81.66 2.2018 233.277

Load C Bus 8 0.0272 81.66 2.2018 183.1290

System Reliability Indices Without DG
Index Value

AENS (Average Energy Not Supplied) 227.8512 MW hour/customer

ALII 0.03 pu (KVA)

ASAI (Average Service Availability Index) 0.9997 pu

ASUI (Average Service Unavailability Index) 0.0025 pu

CAIDI (Customer Average Interruption Duration Index) 80.526 hour/customer interruption

EENS (Expected Energy Not Supplied) 68.577 MW hour/year

SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) 2.2019 hour/customer.year

SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) 0.0272 f/customer.year

 IEEE 9 bus system
model designed
using ETAP software
for Reliability
assessment after
implementation of
DG .
Fig 3. Proposed model with the deployment of WTG at
bus 9
System Indices With DG
Index Value

AENS (Average Energy Not Supplied) 195.2124 MW hour/customer

ALII 0.01 pu (KVA)

ASAI (Average Service Availability Index) 0.9786 pu

ASUI (Average Service Unavailability Index) 0.0011

CAIDI (Customer Average Interruption Duration Index) 88.229 hour/customer interruption

EENS (Expected Energy Not Supplied) 577.418 MW hour/year

SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) 2.1017 hour/customer.year

SAIFI (System Average Interruption Frequency Index) 0.0129 f/customer.year

Fig. 4. Comparison of reliability indices of different case studies with integrating DG and without DG in terms of the percent
 Conclusion and Future Work
Summary of Findings
.
Reliability assessment is crucial for efficient power distribution.
 ETAP provides a powerful tool for analyzing and improving reliability.
 Improvement methods increses distribution reliability indices and reduce EENS

Future Work
 Future work includes real-time optimization of Biratnagar jute mill industrial feeder.
Integrating renewable energy sources and network modification to enhance
system reliability.
 cost of EENS Calculation( expected energy not served) and perform reliability
worth analysis of Biratnagar jute mill industrial distribution feeder .
Study has found the consumer perception and their willingness to pay higher tariff
for improved supply and optimal feeder modification option for better reliability and
lower outage cost.
EENS cost evaluation helps justify investment in network upgrades.