Compound Review

• Elements naturally exist in compounds

- 2 or more chemically combined elements
• They form compounds to be more stable =
have full outer energy levels of electrons
- 8 for every element but H and He
• Two main types of bonds are ionic and
covalent
- Ionic = between a metal and nonmetal. The
metal transfers electrons to the nonmetal.
- Covalent = between nonmetals. Electrons are
shared.
 Ionic Compounds
• An ionic compound is made of charged
ions
- Cation = positively charged metal ion
• Positive because metals lose electrons
- Anion = negatively charged nonmetal ion
• Negative because nonmetals gain electrons

• Although an ionic compound is made up of

charged ions, the overall charge of the
compound must be zero
- Aka– the amount of (+) charge must equal the
amount of (-) charge
 How to determine the Chemical
Formula for an Ionic Compound
Name  Formula
1. Write down the ions of each element with
charge.
(aka the symbol with its oxidation #)
2. Determine the # of each ion it takes to make
a compound with no charge.
(aka “crisscross applesauce” the charges)
3. Write down the formula using subscripts to
show how many of each ion it took.
4. Reduce/simplify. (if needed)
Example: What is the formula
for the compound that forms
between magnesium and
phosphorous?
Mg+2 P-3

Mg3P2

3(+2) + 2(-3) = 0
 Practice Time!
Write the chemical formulas if the elements below formed
compounds.

1. Aluminum and Chlorine AlCl3

2. Lithium and Nitrogen Li3N
3. Magnesium and Iodine MgI2
4. Calcium and Oxygen CaO
5. Sodium and Sulfur Na2S
How to Name Ionic Compounds
Formula  Name
1. Write the name of the first element.
(the metal)
2. Write the name of the second
element (the nonmetal) with an –ide
ending.

Example: CaS Calcium sulfide

 Practice Time!
Write the name of the compounds based on the chemical
formulas below.

1. Be3N2 Beryllium Nitride

2. Na2O Sodium Oxide
3. K3P Potassium Phosphide
4. AlN Aluminum Nitride
5. MgCl2 Magnesium Chloride
Exception #1: Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic Ions = a positively or negatively
charged, covalently bonded, group of atoms

Common ones to know:

Ammonium - NH4+1 Sulfate - SO4-2

Nitrate - NO3-1 Carbonate -
CO3-2
Hydroxide - OH-1 Acetate -
C2H3O2-1
Phosphate - PO4-3 Chlorate - ClO3-1
How to Name Ionic Compounds
Formula  Name
1. Write the name of the first element (the
metal)
Exception #1: if polyatomic ion, use special name

2. Write the name of the second element (the

nonmetal) with an –ide ending
Exception #1: if polyatomic ion, use special name.
No –ide ending.
Examples:
Sodium phosphate
Na3PO4
Magnesium sulfate
MgSO4
Ammonium chloride
 Practice Time!
With Exception #1
Write the name of the compounds based on the chemical
formulas below.

1. NaNO3 Sodium Nitrate

2. CaSO4 Calcium Sulfate

3. (NH4)2O Ammonium Oxide

4. Mg3(PO4)2 Magnesium Phosphate

Ammonium Nitrate
5. NH4NO3
How to determine the Formula for an
Ionic Compound w/ polyatomic ions
Name  Formula
1. Write down the ions of each element with charge
(aka the symbol with its oxidation #) (just keep polyatomic ion in
parentheses) Calcium phosphate
Ca+2 (PO4) -3
2. Determine the # of each ion it takes to make a
compound with no charge
(aka “crisscross applesauce” the charges) (keep subscripts outside of
parentheses and don’t change ANYTHING inside)
3. Write down the formula using subscripts to show
how many of each ion it took Ca3(PO4)2
4. Reduce/simplify (if needed)
 Practice Time!
With Exception #1
Determine the chemical formulas for the following chemical
compounds.

1. Barium sulfate BaSO4

2. Aluminum carbonate Al2(CO3)3
3. Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2
4. Sodium acetate NaC2H3O2
5. Potassium phosphate K3PO4
 Transition Metals
• Transition metals “transition” because they can
form many different ions
- Ex. Sodium is always Na+1 because it is in group 1
and group 1 metals have one valence electron 
therefore they lose 1 e- to be stable
- Iron as a transition metal can be Fe+2 or Fe+3
• Because you can’t determine the oxidation
number from the periodic table, a Roman
Numeral is used to show it

copper (I)  Cu+1

copper (II)  Cu+2
Exception #2: Transition Metals
How to Name Ionic Compounds (Formula  Name)
1. Write the name of the first element (the
metal)
Exception #2: if a transition metal, include a Roman
numeral to indicate the charge of the metal

2. Write the name of the second element (the

nonmetal) with an –ide ending
Examples:
CuCl
Copper (I) Chloride
CuCl
Copper
2 (II) Chloride
 Determining the Roman
Numeral for Transition Metals
• Option 1: Reverse crisscross
• Option 2: Use visuals or math to determine what charge of cation must
be for overall charge to be zero.

 Regardless of option you prefer, ALWAYS double check!!

Ex. #1: Option 2: Sn3(PO4)4

Option 1:
-3
Sn? (PO4)-3 ?
Sn3(PO4)4 ? -3 Tin (IV)
phosphate
Tin (IV) phosphate ? -3
3(?) = +12
-3
+4
4(-3) = -12
 Determining the Roman
Numeral for Transition Metals
• Option 1: Reverse crisscross
• Option 2: Use visuals or math to determine what charge of cation must
be for overall charge to be zero.

 Regardless of option you prefer, ALWAYS double check!!

Ex. #1: Option 2: FeSO4

Option 1: ? -2
Fe? (SO4)-2
1(?) = +2 1(-2) = -2
FeSO4
Since the 2 isn’t there, it must
have reduced. These are +2
harder! What would it be then?
Iron (II) sulfate
Iron (II) sulfate
 Practice Time!
With Exception #2
Write the name of the compounds based on the chemical
formulas below.

1. FeCl3 Iron (III) Chloride

2. CrO Chromium (II) Oxide
3. Mn2O7 Manganese (VII) Oxide
4. CrN Chromium (III) Nitride
5. Ag2S Silver (I) Sulfide
 How to determine the Formula for an
Ionic Compound w/ transition metals
Name  Formula
1. Write down the ions of each element with charge
(aka the symbol with its oxidation #) (The transition metals charge will
be given by the use of Roman Numerals.)
Iron (II) Oxide
Fe+2 O-2

2. Determine the # of each ion it takes to make a

compound with no charge (aka “crisscross applesauce”)
3. Write down the formula using subscripts to show
how many of each ion it took
Fe2O2
4. Reduce/simplify (if needed)
 Practice Time!
With Exception #2
Determine the chemical formulas for the following chemical
compounds.

1. Copper (II) sulfide CuS

2. Iron (I) nitride Fe3N
3. Manganese (IV) oxide MnO2
4. Chromium (VI) sulfide CrS3
5. Titanium (IV) bromide TiBr4
 SUMMARY: Steps for Naming
Ionic Compounds
Formula  Name
1. Name the metal (cation)
– Exception #1 = If polyatomic ion, use its special
name
– Exception #2 = If a transition metal, use a
Roman Numeral to indicate the charge of the
metal
2. Name the nonmetal (anion) with –ide
ending
– Exception #1 = If polyatomic ion, use its special
name, no -ide
 Practice Time!
Formula  Name

1. MgCl2 Magnesium chloride

2. (NH4)3PO4 Ammonium phosphate

3. Ni(OH)2 Nickel (II) hydroxide

SUMMARY: Steps for Writing Chemical
Formulas for Ionic Compounds
Name  Formula
1. Write down the ions with charge
2. Crisscross the charges to determine
subscripts
(aka “criss cross applesauce”) (keep subscripts outside of
parentheses and don’t change ANYTHING inside)
3. Rewrite with subscripts
4. Reduce/simplify (if needed)
 Practice Time!
Name  Formula

1. Sodium chloride NaCl

2. Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3

3. Iron (III) oxide Fe2O3

Helpful Hints for Ionic Compounds
• When determining the Roman numeral for a
transitional metal, try to reverse crisscross first.
- If the subscript doesn’t match the charge of the known
nonmetal, then it must have been simplified.
• When it doesn’t match, do a little trial and error. Double check
your work by going the opposite way (determining formula from
name) and see if your results match what you started with.
• Always put parentheses around polyatomic ions so
you remember to “protect” them.
- You CANNOT change the subscripts of the polyatomic
ions, so using parentheses will help you to remember
that!