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BNA 1

The document provides an overview of ship design terminology and physics principles related to naval architecture. It covers various terms such as hull types, buoyancy, center of gravity, and ship movements like roll, pitch, and list. Additionally, it discusses form coefficients and symbols used in ship measurements.

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15 views37 pages

BNA 1

The document provides an overview of ship design terminology and physics principles related to naval architecture. It covers various terms such as hull types, buoyancy, center of gravity, and ship movements like roll, pitch, and list. Additionally, it discusses form coefficients and symbols used in ship measurements.

Uploaded by

kulsoom.wali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ship Design Terminology &

Physics Principles

Munis Mehboob
Department of Naval Architecture
Ship

Ship
2
Ship

Ship are sometimes


also called as Vessels

Ship
3
Ship

Ship Boat
4
Ship
Funnel Stern
Superstructure
Deck
Propeller
Bow
Hull
Anchor
Bulbous Bow
5
Directions on a Ship

Forward/
Port Bow

Aft/
Stern Starboard

Note: Forward and aft are directional terms. 6


What is the history of Port and Starboard?

Steer board

7
More Terminologies
Beam
The width of the boat from the
port side to the starboard side at
the widest point.

Centerline
The measure of the overall length
from one end (stern or bow) of
the hull to the other end along the
center line of the hull.
Types of Hulls

Flat bottom boat - Examples of flat Round bottom boat - Many trawlers,
bottom boats are small utility boats, canoes and sailboats have round
and some high speed runabouts. bottoms.

Vee bottom boat - Many runabouts Multi-hull boat - Catamarans, trimarans,


use the vee-bottom design. pontoon boats use a multi-hull design.
Archimedes' principle and Buoyancy
Archimedes' principle states that
the upward force that is exerted on
a body immersed in a fluid,
whether fully or partially
submerged, is equal to the weight
of the fluid that the body displaces
and acts in the upward direction at
the center of mass of the displaced
fluid.
This force is known as Buoyancy
Concept of Floatation

For an object floating on a liquid surface (like a


boat) or floating submerged in a fluid (like a
submarine in water)

the weight of the displaced liquid equals the


weight of the object
Center of Gravity & Trim
Center of Gravity
The point on an object where it is balanced.

Trim
Difference between the forward and aft draft.

Draft
Vertical distance from the waterline to the baseline.
A See-Saw in Trim
380 lbs
+ 20 lbs
380 Lbs 400 lbs

Board = 20 Lbs
CG

400 Lbs Support (fulcrum) can hold 400 Lbs

CG = Center of Gravity

13
A canoe in water is like a see saw
In Trim Out of Trim

100 Lbs 100 Lbs


CG CG

Out of Trim Back in Trim

100 Lbs 100 Lbs 100 Lbs


CG
CG

14
Draft Marks
Depth, Freeboard and Waterline

Freeboard is also referred to as Reserve of Buoyancy (RoB)


Ship Roll, Pitch and List
• Roll
A roll motion is a side-to-side or port-starboard tilting motion of the ship subject
to external forces
• Pitch
Pitch describes the up and down motion of a vessel. This is characterized by
the rising and falling of the bow and stern in much the same way as a see-saw
moves up and down.
Roll and Pitch can be caused by waves or strong winds
• List
List is the heel of the vessel to either port or starboard with no external forces
acting upon it.
Listing is caused by the off-centerline distribution of weight aboard due to
uneven loading.
CoG and CoB

Center of Buoyancy
It is the point at which buoyancy force acts on the body and is assumed to lie
on the geometric center of the underwater volume of the hull
Center of Gravity

The geometric point at which complete


weight of the ship is considered to act
Three Reference Planes
CoG and CoB in Three Planes
Movement in CoG and CoB
Movement in CoB
CoF
• Center of Flotation is the geometric center of the waterplane at which
the ship floats
• This is the about which ship heels, trims and pitches
Quick Summary
Length of the Ship
AM and AWL
• Area of Midship AM
• Area of the immersed portion of ship’s midship section

• Area of Waterline Plane AWL


• Area of the horizontal plane of ship’s hull at the draft of the ship
AM and AWL
Ship Displacement
• Displacement, Δ
• Total weight of the ship is termed as displacement. Displacements are
generally discussed as light ship displacement and deep ship
displacement. Generally, displacement is defined in tonnes.

• Volume of Displacement, ▼
It is the total underwater volume of the
hull, measured in cubic meters.
It is also equal to the volume of
water displaced by ship’s hull.
Hull Volumes
• Main Hull Volume
It is the total volume of ship’s main hull (i.e. From Deck 1 to Keel)

• Total Ship Volume


It is the total volume of ship (Main Hull Volume + Volume of super structure)

• Superstructure Volume fraction


It is the ratio of superstructure volume to total hull volume

• Ship Appendages
The portions of a vessel extending beyond the main hull
outline including such items as rudder, propellers, struts,
shafts, fins, sonar domes etc
Form Coefficients
• Form coefficients are ratios that numerically compare the ship's
underwater form to that of regular shapes having the same majority
dimension as the ship.
• Some typical form coefficients are:
• Coefficient of Waterplane
• Midship Coefficient
• Prismatic Coefficient
• Block Coefficient
Form Coefficients
Coefficient of Waterplane
Describes fullness or fineness of the ship’s waterplane
Form Coefficients
• Block Coefficient
Describes the overall fullness of the hull
Form Coefficients
• Prismatic Coefficient
Describes the fineness of the bow and stern of the ship
Form Coefficients
• Midship Coefficient
Describes the fullness of the ship’s midship section
Form Coefficients
• Typical Values of form coefficients for two different type of marine
vessels are given below:

Form Coefficient Frigate Tanker

Coefficient of Waterplane, CW 0.67 0.92

Block Coefficient, CB 0.45 0.85

Prismatic Coefficient, CP 0.57 0.85

Midship Coefficient, CM 0.75 0.95


Symbols
Dimension Symbol Dimension Symbol
Length L Area of Waterplane AWP
Length Overall LoA Area of Midship AM
Length Waterline LWL Waterline WL
Length Between LPP Centerline ℄
Perpendicular
Beam B Midship
Beam Waterline BWL
Draft T
Depth D
Freeboard F
Displacement Δ
Vol of Displacement ▼
Superstructure Vol Fraction µs

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