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PPT1-CB-VII-SSC-The Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere encompasses all water on Earth, including atmospheric moisture, surface water in oceans, rivers, and lakes, and groundwater. The hydrological cycle, or water cycle, describes the continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. Additional processes such as transpiration and evapotranspiration also play significant roles in the water cycle.

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27 views10 pages

PPT1-CB-VII-SSC-The Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere encompasses all water on Earth, including atmospheric moisture, surface water in oceans, rivers, and lakes, and groundwater. The hydrological cycle, or water cycle, describes the continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. Additional processes such as transpiration and evapotranspiration also play significant roles in the water cycle.

Uploaded by

arzanali9527
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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7.

THE HYDROSPHERE

1
Learning objectives:
•What is hydrosphere?
•Hydrological cycle?
•How water bodies are distributed on
earth?
•How does the ocean water circulate?
2
What is
Hydrosphere?
The word ‘hydro’ in Greek
means ‘water’. Thus,
Hydrosphere refers to the
total amount of water found
on our planet, including water
in the atmosphere as
moisture, on the earth’s
surface as oceans, seas,
rivers, and lakes and under
the surface of the ground
water. The entire amount of
water on the planet is called
Hydrosphere.
3
Hydrological Cycle
Hydrological Cycle is also known as
Water Cycle.
The water cycle is a
biogeochemical cycle that
involves the continuous
movement of water on, above
and below the surface of the
Earth. The mass of water on
Earth remains fairly constant
over time. 4
Water cycle consists of 3
processes
• Evaporation
• Condensation
• Precipitation

5
Evaporation
Evaporation is the process by which water on the
earth surface turns into water vapour in the
atmosphere.
Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the
surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. A
high concentration of the evaporating substance in the
surrounding gas significantly slows down evaporation,
such as when humidity affects rate of evaporation of
water.
6
Condensation
The cool air of the atmosphere causes the vapour to turn
back into water droplets, thus forming clouds. This process
known as condensation.
(or)
Condensation is the process where water vapor becomes liquid. It
is the reverse action of evaporation, where liquid water becomes
a vapor. Condensation happens one of two ways: Either the air is
cooled to its dew point or it becomes so saturated with water
vapor that it cannot hold any more water. Dew Point

7
Precipitation
.Precipitation is any liquid or frozen
water that forms in the atmosphere and
falls back to the earth. It comes in many
forms, like rain, sleet, and snow. Along
with evaporation and condensation,
precipitation is one of the three major
parts of the global water cycle
8
Transpiration
Transpiration is the process of water movement
through a plant and its evaporation from aerial
parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. It is a
passive process that requires no energy expense by
the plant.
Water from plants and trees enters into
atmosphere through a processes known
as Transpiration
9
Evapotranspiration
evapotranspiration, Loss of water from
the soil both by evaporation from the soil
surface and by transpiration from the
leaves of the plants growing on it. Factors
that affect the rate of evapotranspiration
include the amount of solar radiation,
atmospheric vapor pressure,
temperature, wind, and soil moisture
10

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