3 Analyze Hypothesis Testing Normal Data
3 Analyze Hypothesis Testing Normal Data
1
Purpose of ANOVA
95
StDev
N
0.4401
5 All three suppliers samples
AD 0.246
90
P-Value 0.568 are Normally Distributed.
80
70 Supplier AP-value
Percent
60
50 0.568
40
30 Probability Plot of Supplier B Supplier BP-value
20 Normal
0.385
99
10 Mean 3.968 Supplier C P-
StDev 0.2051
value 0.910
5
95 N 5
AD 0.314
1
90 Probability
P-Value 0.385 Plot of Supplier C
2.5 3.0 80 3.5 4.0 4.5 Normal
70
Supplier A 99
Mean 4.03
Percent
60
StDev 0.4177
50
95 N 5
40
AD 0.148
30 90
P-Value 0.910
20
80
10 70
Percent
60
5
50
40
1 30
3.50 3.75 4.00 20 4.25 4.50
Supplier B
10
1
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0
Supplier C
3
Tests of Variance
Normal Data
– 2 Samples – F-Test
– 3 or More Samples Bartlett’s Test
Non-Normal Data
– 2 or more samples Levene’s Test
4
Test for Equal Variance…
Test
Testfor
forEqual
EqualVariances
Variancesfor
forData
Data
Bartlett's
Bartlett'sTest
Test
Test Statistic
Test Statistic 2.11
2.11
Supplier
SupplierAA P-Value
P-Value 0.348
0.348
Levene's
Levene'sTest
Test
Test
TestStatistic
Statistic 0.59
0.59
P-Value
P-Value 0.568
0.568
Suppliers
Suppliers
Supplier
SupplierBB
Supplier
SupplierCC
0.0
0.0 0.2
0.2 0.4
0.4 0.6
0.6 0.8
0.8 1.0
1.0 1.2
1.2 1.4
1.4 1.6
1.6 1.8
1.8
95% Bonferroni Confidence Intervals for StDevs
95% Bonferroni Confidence Intervals for StDevs
5
ANOVA Minitab
Stat>ANOVA>One-Way Unstacked
6
ANOVA
Boxplot
Boxplotof
ofSupplier
SupplierA,
A,Supplier
SupplierB,
B,Supplier
SupplierCC
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.0
Data
Data
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.0
3.0
Supplier
SupplierAA Supplier
SupplierBB Supplier
SupplierCC
7
ANOVA Session Window
8
ANOVA
9
Sample Size
10
ANOVA Assumptions
Stat>ANOVA>One-Way Unstacked>Graphs
12
Normal Probability Plot of Residuals
Normal
NormalProbability
ProbabilityPlot
Plotof
ofthe
theResiduals
Residuals
(responses
(responsesare
areSupplier
SupplierA,
A, Supplier
SupplierB,
B,Supplier
SupplierC)
C)
99
99
95
95
90
90
80
80
70
70
Percent
Percent
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
55
11
-1.0
-1.0 -0.5
-0.5 0.0
0.0 0.5
0.5 1.0
1.0
Residual
Residual
13
Residuals versus Fitted Values
Residuals
ResidualsVersus
Versusthe
theFitted
FittedValues
Values
(responses
(responsesare
areSupplier
SupplierA,
A,Supplier
SupplierB,
B,Supplier
SupplierC)
C)
0.75
0.75
0.50
0.50
0.25
0.25
Residual
Residual
0.00
0.00
-0.25
-0.25
-0.50
-0.50
3.65
3.65 3.70
3.70 3.75
3.75 3.80
3.80 3.85
3.85 3.90
3.90 3.95
3.95 4.00
4.00 4.05
4.05
FF
itted Value
itted Value
14
ANOVA Exercise
Practice
15
ANOVA Exercise: Solution
In “Variables:” enter
‘ppm VOC’
In “By variables:”
enter ‘Shift’
16
ANOVA Exercise: Solution
Normality Tests so we
P-Value 0.446
Mean 39.500
Mean 39.500
StDev 6.761
StDev 6.761
Variance 45.714
Normally Distributed
N 8
Minimum 32.000
Minimum 32.000
1st Quartile 33.500
1st Quartile 33.500
Median 38.000
35
35
40
40
45
45
50
50
Summary Summary
Summaryfor
forppm
ppmVOC P-Value 0.658
Summaryfor
forppm
ppmVOC
VOC P-Value 0.334 VOC
Shift
Shift
Shift==22 Shift==33
Anderson-Darling Normality Test Anderson-Darling Normality Test
Anderson-Darling Normality Test Anderson-Darling Normality Test
A-Squared 0.37 A-Squared 0.24
A-Squared 0.37 A-Squared 0.24
P-Value 0.334 P-Value 0.658
P-Value 0.334 P-Value 0.658
Mean 34.625 Mean 28.000
Mean 34.625 Mean 28.000
StDev 5.041 StDev 6.525
StDev 5.041 StDev 6.525
Variance 25.411 Variance 42.571
Variance 25.411 Variance 42.571
Skewness -0.74123 Skewness 0.06172
Skewness -0.74123 Skewness 0.06172
Kurtosis 1.37039 Kurtosis -1.10012
Kurtosis 1.37039 Kurtosis -1.10012
N 8 N 8
N 8 N 8
Minimum 25.000 Minimum 19.000
Minimum 25.000 Minimum 19.000
1st Quartile 31.750 1st Q uartile 22.000
1st Quartile 31.750 1st Q uartile 22.000
Median 35.500 Median 28.000
Median 35.500 Median 28.000
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 3rd Q uartile 37.000 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 3rd Q uartile 32.750
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 3rd Q uartile 37.000 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 3rd Q uartile 32.750
Maximum 42.000 Maximum 38.000
Maximum 42.000 Maximum 38.000
95% Confidence I nterval for Mean 95% Confidence I nterval for Mean
95% Confidence I nterval for Mean 95% Confidence I nterval for Mean
30.411 38.839 22.545 33.455
30.411 38.839 22.545 33.455
95% Confidence I nterval for Median 95% Confidence I nterval for Median
95% Confidence I nterval for Median 95% Confidence I nterval for Median
30.614 37.322 20.871 33.322
95% Confidence I ntervals 30.614 37.322 95% Confidence I ntervals 20.871 33.322
95% Confidence I ntervals 95% Confidence I nterval for StDev 95% Confidence I ntervals 95% Confidence I nterval for StDev
95% Confidence I nterval for StDev 95% Confidence I nterval for StDev
Mean 3.333 10.260 Mean 4.314 13.279
Mean 3.333 10.260 Mean 4.314 13.279
Median Median
Median Median
17
ANOVA Exercise: Solution
Test
Testfor
forEqual
EqualVariances
Variancesfor
forppm
ppmVOC
VOC
Bartlett's
Bartlett'sTest
Test
Test
TestStatistic
Statistic 0.63
0.63
11 P-Value
P-Value 0.729
0.729
Levene's
Levene'sTest
Test
Test
TestStatistic
Statistic 0.85
0.85
P-Value
P-Value 0.440
0.440
Shift
Shift
22
33
22 44 66 88 10
10 12
12 14
14 16
16 18
18
95%
95% Bonferroni
BonferroniConfidence
ConfidenceIntervals
Intervalsfor
forStDevs
StDevs
Residual
Percent
Residual
Percent
50
50 00
10 -5
-5
10
11 -10
-10
-10
-10 00 10
10 30
30 35
35 40
40
Residual
Residual Fitted
FittedValue
Value
Histogram
Histogramof
ofthe
theResiduals
Residuals Residuals
ResidualsVersus
Versusthe
theOrder
Orderof
ofthe
theData
Data
4.8 10
10
4.8
3.6 55
Frequency
3.6
Frequency
Residual
Residual
2.4 00
2.4
1.2 -5
-5
1.2
0.0 -10
-10
0.0
-10
-10 -5
-5 00 55 10
10 22 44 66 88 10
10 12
12 14
14 16
16 18
18 20
20 22
22 24
24
Residual
Residual Observation Order
Observation Order
20
ANOVA Exercise: Solution
21
1-Sample Variance
22
1-Sample Variance
2. Statistical Problem:
Ho: σ2 = 0.10or Ho: σ = 0.31
Ha: σ2 ≠ 0.10 Ha: σ ≠ 0.31
23
Test of Variance Example
1. Practical Problem:
We want to determine the effect of two different storage
methods on the rotting of potatoes. You study conditions
conducive to potato rot by injecting potatoes with bacteria
that cause rotting and subjecting them to different
temperature and oxygen regimes. We can test the data
to determine if there is a difference in the Standard
Deviation of the rot time between the two different
methods.
2. Statistical Problem:
H o: σ 1 = σ 2
Ha: σ1 ≠ σ2
24
Normality Test
Probability
ProbabilityPlot
Plotof
ofRot
Rot
Normal
Normal
99
99
Mean
Mean 13.78
13.78
StDev
StDev 7.712
7.712
95
95 NN 18
18
AD
AD 0.285
0.285
90
90 P-Value
P-Value 0.586
0.586
80
80
70
70
Percent
Percent
60
60
50
50
40
40 The P-value is > 0.05
30
30 We can assume our
20
20
data is Normally
10
10 Distributed.
55
11
-5
-5 00 55 10
10 15
15 20
20 25
25 30
30 35
35
Rot
Rot
25
Test For Equal Variances
26
Test For Equal Variances Graphical Analysis
Test
Testfor
forEqual
Equal Variances
Variancesfor
forRot
Rot
Temp
Temp Oxygen
Oxygen
Bartlett's
Bartlett'sTest
Test
22 Test Statistic
Test Statistic 2.71
2.71
P-Value
P-Value 0.744
0.744
10 66 Levene's
Levene'sTest
Test
10
Test
TestStatistic
Statistic 0.37
0.37
P-Value
P-Value 0.858
0.858
10
10
22
16
16 66
10
10
00 20
20 40
40 60
60 80
80 100
100 120120 140140
95% Bonferroni Confidence Intervals for StDevs
95% Bonferroni Confidence Intervals for StDevs
27
Test For Equal Variances Statistical Analysis
28
1. The quality manager was challenged by the plant director as to why the
VOC levels in the product varied so much. After using a Process Map,
some potential sources of variation were identified. These sources
included operating shifts and raw material supplier. Of course, the
quality manager has already clarified the Gage R&R results were less
than 17% study variation so the gage was acceptable.
29
Tests for Variance Exercise: Solution
30
Tests for Variance Exercise: Solution
In “Variables:” enter
‘ppm VOC’
In “By variables:”
enter ‘RM Supplier’
31
Tests for Variance Exercise: Solution
Median Median
32
Tests for Variance Exercise: Solution
33
Tests for Variance Exercise: Solution
34
Tests for Variance Exercise: Solution
The P-value of the F-test was greater than 0.05 so we “fail to reject” the null hypothesis.
So once again in English: The variances are equal between the results from the two
suppliers on our product’s ppm VOC level.
Test
Testfor
forEqual
EqualVariances
Variancesfor
forppm
ppmVOC
VOC
F-Test
F-Test
Test
TestStatistic
Statistic 1.16
1.16
AA P-Value
P-Value 0.806
0.806
Supplier
RMSupplier
Levene's
Levene'sTest
Test
Test
TestStatistic
Statistic 0.02
0.02
P-Value 0.890
RM
P-Value 0.890
BB
44 66 88 10
10 12
12 14
14
95%
95% Bonferroni
BonferroniConfidence
ConfidenceIIntervals
ntervalsfor
forStDevs
StDevs
AA
Supplier
RMSupplier
RM
BB
20
20 25
25 30
30 35
35 40
40 45
45 50
50
ppm
ppmVOC
VOC
35