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Percentiles and t Distribution

The document discusses the t-distribution, which is used for small sample sizes and resembles the normal distribution. It outlines properties of the t-distribution, such as its symmetry and dependence on degrees of freedom, and provides examples of calculating percentiles and t-values for different sample sizes. Additionally, it includes an assignment for identifying t-values for specified percentiles based on a sample of 20 students.

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7 views

Percentiles and t Distribution

The document discusses the t-distribution, which is used for small sample sizes and resembles the normal distribution. It outlines properties of the t-distribution, such as its symmetry and dependence on degrees of freedom, and provides examples of calculating percentiles and t-values for different sample sizes. Additionally, it includes an assignment for identifying t-values for specified percentiles based on a sample of 20 students.

Uploaded by

j46803816
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Prepared by:

Jenny May Del Mendo


Percentile and
the T-
Distribution
A. Using the given data
below, find the following
percentiles.
40, 45, 50, 50,
40
56, 60, 65, 80,
90 50
56
1. 10th percentile =
65
2. 25 percentile =
th

3. 50th percentile =
The t-distribution (also called Student’s t-
distribution) is a family of distributions that look
almost identical to the normal distribution curve,
only a bit shorter and stouter. The t-distribution is
used instead of the normal distribution when you
have small samples. The larger the sample size,
the more the t distribution looks like the normal
distribution. In fact, for sample sizes larger than 20
(e.g. more degrees of freedom), the distribution is
almost exactly like the normal distribution.
PROPERTIES OF THE T-
DISTRIBUTION
• Like the normal distribution, the t-distribution has
a smooth shape.
• Like the normal distribution, the t-distribution is
symmetric. If you think about folding it in half at
the mean, each side will be the same.
• Like a standard normal distribution (or z-
distribution), the t-distribution has a mean of
zero.
• The normal distribution assumes that the
population standard deviation is known.
PROPERTIES OF THE T-
DISTRIBUTION
• The t-distribution is defined by the degrees
of freedom. These are related to the
sample size.
• The t-distribution is most useful for small
sample sizes, when the population
standard deviation is not known, or both.
• As the sample size increases, the t-
distribution becomes more similar to a
normal distribution.
0
1
Name of the
section
You can enter a subtitle here if you need
it
Let us be familiar first with the
following words:
●Degree of freedom - This refers to the
maximum number of logically
independent values which vary in the data
sample.

●Percentile – This is a measure of position


with data divided into 100 parts.
Illustrative example:

= 7 and has an area (𝛼) equal to 0.05.


1. Identify the t-value whose number of samples n

and has 𝛼 = 0.01.


2. Find the t-value whose degree of freedom is 20

3. Identify the t-value of the following percentiles


given the number of samples.
a. 95th percentile , N= 30
b. 90th percentile, N=20
and has 𝛼 = 0.05 is 1.943.
Therefore, the t-value with sample size of 7
Illustrative example:

= 7 and has an area (𝛼) equal to 0.05.


1. Identify the t-value whose number of samples n

and has 𝛼 = 0.01.


2. Find the t-value whose degree of freedom is 20

3. Identify the t-value of the following percentiles


given the number of samples.
a. 95th percentile , n= 30
b. 90th percentile, n=20
c. 75th percentile, n=20
d. 60th percentile, n=30
Mars Venus
Mars is actually a Venus has extremely
very cold place high temperatures

Jupiter Saturn

Therefore the t-value is


2.528.
Illustrative example:

= 7 and has an area (𝛼) equal to 0.05.


1. Identify the t-value whose number of samples n

and has 𝛼 = 0.01.


2. Find the t-value whose degree of freedom is 20

3. Identify the t-value of the following percentiles


given the number of samples.
a. 95th percentile , n= 30
b. 90th percentile, n=20
c. 75th percentile, n=20
d. 60th percentile, n=30
So therefore,
the t-value of
95th with n=
30 is 1.699
Illustrative example:

= 7 and has an area (𝛼) equal to 0.05.


1. Identify the t-value whose number of samples n

and has 𝛼 = 0.01.


2. Find the t-value whose degree of freedom is 20

3. Identify the t-value of the following percentiles


given the number of samples.
a. 95th percentile , n= 30
b. 90th percentile, n=20
c. 75th percentile, n=20
d. 60th percentile, n=30
Awesome Therefore,
the t-value of
90th
words percentile
with n= 20 is
1.328
C. 75th percentile, n=20
Therefore, the t-value of 75th with n= 20 is
0.688

D. 60th percentile, n=30


So therefore, the t-value of 60th with n= 30 is
0.256
Assignment:
Rowena wants to test a
randomly selected 20 students
for her study. Identify the t-
value of the following
percentiles.
1. 75th percentile 2. 5th percentile
3. 60th percentile 4. 40th
percentile
5. 90th percentile

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