Scribd
Upload
7 views17 pages

Module 2_Part 1_IME

The document provides an introduction to mechanical engineering with a focus on pumps and hydraulic turbines. It explains the working principles, classifications, and differences between centrifugal and reciprocating pumps, as well as the types of hydraulic turbines. Key concepts include the conversion of mechanical energy to hydraulic energy and vice versa, along with the importance of priming in centrifugal pumps.

Uploaded by

Bijesh Warrier
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views17 pages

Module 2_Part 1_IME

The document provides an introduction to mechanical engineering with a focus on pumps and hydraulic turbines. It explains the working principles, classifications, and differences between centrifugal and reciprocating pumps, as well as the types of hydraulic turbines. Key concepts include the conversion of mechanical energy to hydraulic energy and vice versa, along with the importance of priming in centrifugal pumps.

Uploaded by

Bijesh Warrier
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Module 2 Part 1

Introduction to Mechanical
Engineering

Dr. BIJESH R
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
GEC Thrissur
GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 1
Pum
ps
 Hydraulic machines which convert the mechanical
energy into hydraulic energy (Pressure energy)

Pumps increases the pressure energy of a fluid.

Generally used for lifting liquids from lower level to


higher level, by creating a low pressure at the inlet and high
pressure at the outlet.
GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2
Classification of
Pumps

GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 3


Reciprocating
Pump
Positive displacement pump

The mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic


energy by means of reciprocating motion of the piston
inside a closed close fitting cylinder

Parts:- Cylinder, Piston,


Piston rod, Connecting rod, Crank,
Suction pipe, Suction valve, Delivery pipe,
Delivery valve
Strainer
GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 4
Worki
ng
The motion of the cylinder from left to right creates
vacuum inside the cylinder.
The higher atmospheric pressure outside pushes the
liquid inside the cylinder
The motion of the cylinder from right to left pushes
the liquid to the delivery side
The non return valves allows the motion of the
liquid towards one side only

GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 5


Centrifugal
Pump
 It is a rotodynamic pump
The pressure difference is created
by the mainly due to the
centrifugal action

Parts:- Impeller, casing, suction


pipe, delivery pipe, foot valve

GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 6


Working
Principle
 The impeller is rotated by means of an electric motor
The impeller is rotated to create vacuum sufficient to
lift the water.
When certain mass of liquid is made to rotate by an
external force, it is thrown away from the axis of
rotation and a centrifugal head is impressed
This head enables the liquid to rise to higher levels
Before starting, “primimg” is done.
GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 7
Primini
ng
Priming is the filling of suction pipe and casing with liquid to be
pumped.
It is done to remove the air and vapour.
The removal of the air is required because the vacuum created in the
eye of the impeller is directly proportional to the density of the liquid
that is in contact with the impeller
If the impeller is made to rotate in presence of air, the vacuum created
may not be sufficient to lift the water.
So, it is essential to prime the centrifugal pump before starting

GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 8


Bernaulli’s
Equation

GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 9


Working
principle…
The rotation of the impeller produces a forced vortex which imparts
a centrifugal head to the liquid, resulting the increase in pressure.
While the liquid flows through the rotating impeller, it receives
energy from the vanes, resulting an increase in pressure and velocity.
The shape of the casing is such that the sectional area increases
towards the delivery pipe.
The gradual increase in area reduces the velocity and increase in
pressure energy.

GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 10


S. No. Centrifugal pump Reciprocating pump

1. Rotary pumps which used kinetic energy of Positive displacement type pump which is
impeller. forced by piston.

2. It uses impellers to transfer energy to fluid. It uses piston cylinder device to transfer
energy to fluid.
Discharge is not continuous
3. Discharge is continuous

4. Generally used for pumping high viscous fluid. It is used for pump low viscous fluid.

5. In this pumps discharge is affected by the In reciprocating pump viscosity of fluid does
viscosity of fluid. not affect the discharge rate.

6. Need priming before starting It does not need priming.

GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 11


7. They are lighter than reciprocating pumps. These are heavier compare to centrifugal
pump.

Impeller can be directly coupled to motor Some speed reduction mechanism is


8. required

9. It is less costly, required less maintenance. These are costly, required higher
maintenance.
Construction is simple Construction is complicated due to more
10. number of parts

11. Easy to install. These required less floor Difficult to install. These required more
space. floor area.

12. It is mostly used for domestic purpose and These are mostly used in industries and
where higher discharge at low head required. high viscous fluid pumped at a high head.

GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 12


Hydraulic
Turbines

Machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. (Reverse of a pump)

The turbine shaft is coupled to a generator which convers mechanical energy to electrical energy

GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 13


Turbines
Classification

GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 14


GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 15
Pelton Turbine:- High head, Low discharge, Tangential flow,
Impulse Turbine

Francis Turbine:- Mediam head, Medium discharge, Radial


flow, Reaction Turbine

Kaplan Turbine:- Low head, High discharge, Axial flow,


Reaction turbine
GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 16
THANK
YOU

GECT, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 17

You might also like