ch01_v1
ch01_v1
Problems of an engineer
• Refining existing products
• Designing new products or processes
Statistics in Engineering
Engineering Example
Engineering Example
•The dot diagram is a very useful plot for displaying a small
body of data - say up to about 20 observations.
• This plot allows us to see easily two features of the data; the
location, or the middle, and the scatter or variability.
1-1 Statistics in Engineering
Engineering Example
• The engineer considers an alternate design and eight prototypes
are built and pull-off force measured.
• The dot diagram can be used to compare two sets of data
Engineering Example
Example
Suppose we are interested in the number average
molecular weight (Mn) of a polymer. Now we know
that Mn is related to the viscosity of the material (V),
and it also depends on the amount of catalyst (C)
and the temperature (T ) in the polymerization
reactor when the material is manufactured. The
relationship between Mn and these variables is
Mn = f(V,C,T)
say, where the form of the function f is unknown.
1-3 Mechanistic and Empirical Models
Example 2-2
2-1 Sample Spaces and Events
Tree Diagrams
Sample spaces can also be described graphically
with tree diagrams.
– When a sample space can be constructed in several
steps or stages, we can represent each of the n1 ways
of completing the first step as a branch of a tree.
– Each of the ways of completing the second step can
be represented as n2 branches starting from the ends
of the original branches, and so forth.
2-1 Sample Spaces and Events
Example 2-3
2-1 Sample Spaces and Events
2-1.3 Events
Definition
2-1 Sample Spaces and Events
2-1.3 Events
Basic Set Operations
The union of two events is the event that consists of all outcomes that
are containedin either of the two events. We denote the union as E1 E2 .
The intersection of two events is the event that consists of all outcomes
that are contained in both of the two events. We denote the intersection
as E1 E2 .
2-1.3 Events
Example 2-6
2-1 Sample Spaces and Events
Definition
Venn Diagrams