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Es412 Week 11

The document outlines various hazard analysis techniques and risk assessment processes required for identifying and managing workplace hazards, as mandated by Law No: 6331. It details methods such as Preliminary Hazard Lists, Checklists, and Preliminary Hazard Analysis, emphasizing the importance of evaluating risks based on frequency and severity. Additionally, it discusses the employer's responsibilities in ensuring worker safety through risk assessments and implementing control measures.

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2 views31 pages

Es412 Week 11

The document outlines various hazard analysis techniques and risk assessment processes required for identifying and managing workplace hazards, as mandated by Law No: 6331. It details methods such as Preliminary Hazard Lists, Checklists, and Preliminary Hazard Analysis, emphasizing the importance of evaluating risks based on frequency and severity. Additionally, it discusses the employer's responsibilities in ensuring worker safety through risk assessments and implementing control measures.

Uploaded by

Aslı
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ES 412 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH II

WEEK 11
Hazard Analysis Techniques:
Preliminary Hazard List, Checklists,
Preliminary Hazard Analysis
RISK ASSESSMENT

Activities required for


 identifying hazards which are existing in or may arise
from outside the workplace,
 analysing and rating the factors causing these hazards
to turn into risks and the risks caused by hazards and
 determining control measures (Law 6331).
 reporting
 re-assessing
RISK ASSESSMENT

 Laws (Law No: 6331- Article 10)

 Ethical and moral obligations

 Economics reasons
RISK ASSESSMENT, CONTROL, MEASUREMENT AND
RESEARCH

ARTICLE 10 – (1)The employer shall conduct an assessment of risks to health and safety of workers or
get one carried out, taking account the following points:
a) The situation of workers who might be affected by certain risks.
b) Choice of work equipment, the chemical substances or preparations used.
c) Workplace organization and housekeeping.
d) The situation of female workers and other workers such as young workers, older workers, disabled,
pregnant or breastfeeding workers who need specific policies.
(2) The employer shall identify the occupational health and safety measures to be taken as well as the
protective gear or equipment to be used a consequence of the risk assessment.
(3) Measures to be taken for the safety and health protection of workers and the working and
production methods implemented by the employer must assure an improvement in the level of
protection afforded to workers with regard to safety and health and be practicable at all hierarchical level
within the undertaking and/or enterprise.
(4) The employer shall ensure that controls, measurements, examinations and research are
carried out to identify the risks which are linked to the working environment and to which the workers are
ADMINISTRATIVE FINES AND ENFORCEMENT
REGULATION OF RISK ASSESSMENT
ACCEPTABLE RISK LEVEL
HAZARD ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

 Preliminary Hazard List (PHL)


 Checklists
 Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)
 Event Tree Analysis (ETA)
 Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
 Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP)

and at least one hundred more!


PRELIMINARY HAZARD LIST (PHL)

 A Preliminary Hazard List (PHL) is only a list of potential (known


and suspected) hazards and mishaps in that may exist in a
system, without any evaluation of probability, severity, and risk.
 There is no recommendation in the PHL.
 It is only for the identification of and listing potential system hazards.

 A PHL is easily and quickly performed. It does not require


considerable expertise. It is comparatively inexpensive, but provides
meaningful results.
MISHAP

 An unplanned, unwanted, or uncontrolled event or series


of events resulting in a loss such as death, injury,
occupational illness, damage to or loss of equipment or
property, or damage to the environment.

 A mishap includes a recordable occupational injury or


illness.
PHL WORKSHEET

 A kind of brainstorming to identify hazards.


 Qualitative only! No risk, probability, or severity.
 A quick starting point for further analyses.
A SAMPLE PRELIMINARY HAZARD LIST (PHL) WORKSHEET
CHECKLISTS

 A list of items to verify, check or inspect.


 Checklists are used to ensure not to forget any important step.
EXAMPLE OF HAZARD CHECKLIST FOR GENERAL SOURCES
CHECKLIST FOR ENERGY SOURCES
PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS (PHA)
ALSO CALLED AS GROSS HAZARD ANALYSIS /POTENTIAL HAZARD
ANALYSIS

 Hazards identified in the PHL will be carried into the Preliminary Hazard Analysis
(PHA) for further analysis and investigation.

 A PHA identifies all potential hazards and accidental events that may lead to
an accident. It ranks the identified accidental events according to their
severity. It also includes recommendations to eliminate or
mitigate/minimize the hazards.

 A PHA provides management a decision tool


 for prioritizing activities effectively and
 assigning resources efficiently in the challenge to bring all risks under acceptable
control.
RISK = FREQUENCY X SEVERITY

 Risk is the product of frequency and severity of potential


losses.
 Frequency is the probability of occurrence of an event, such as once per
week or once per year or once every 100 years.
 Severity is the potential loss when an event occurs.
 The loss may be expressed in human terms, such as loss of life,
serious injury, serious illness, number of cancer cases, and so forth.
 The loss may also be expressed in financial terms, like dollars
lost, cost to replace lost equipment, cost of downtime, or cost to
replace facilities.
A SAMPLE PHA WORKSHEET
RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX

 ALARP stands for "as low as reasonably practicable" or simply «tolerable»


RISK ASSESSMENT MATRICES

 ALARP stands for "as low as


reasonably practicable" or
simply «tolerable»
L-TYPE (5 X 5) RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX
RISK SCORE = LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY
RISK ASSESSMENT MATRICES

 A quick method to see risks visually.


 It is used to determine risks which are required to take measurements as
soon as possible.
 It is a tool that enables managers to make decisions about prioritizing risk/hazard
control activities and making decisions about the resources to be used effectively.
 The experience of the person performing the analysis greatly affects the results.
For this reason, it is recommended to apply more detailed techniques in cases
where the complexity is high.
 Results may vary according to the analyst.
 Different people may have different results.
 It is difficult to validate the results.
 Categories can sometimes be rough.
 It cannot compare the hazards with the same risk level.
RISK ASSESSMENT MATRICES
RISK ASSESSMENT MATRICES
RISK ASSESSMENT MATRICES
RISK ASSESSMENT MATRICES
RISK ASSESSMENT MATRICES
FINE & KINNEY METHOD
RISK = PROBABILITY X FREQUENCY X SEVERITY

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