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Principles of Pipeline Design

The document outlines the principles of pipeline design, emphasizing the importance of environmental impact, routing considerations, and legal approvals during the planning phase. It details factors affecting onshore and offshore pipeline routing, including sensitive areas and stability assessments. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of adhering to national standards and codes to ensure safe design, construction, and operation of pipelines.

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katha.kpc21
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6 views

Principles of Pipeline Design

The document outlines the principles of pipeline design, emphasizing the importance of environmental impact, routing considerations, and legal approvals during the planning phase. It details factors affecting onshore and offshore pipeline routing, including sensitive areas and stability assessments. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of adhering to national standards and codes to ensure safe design, construction, and operation of pipelines.

Uploaded by

katha.kpc21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Principles of Pipeline Design

Within the planning phase, and before any work commences on constructing a
new pipeline, factors that affect the design process include:

 Effect on the environment


 Pipeline Routing process
 Approval and legal considerations
Effect on the Environment
 Consideration must be given to the likely impact a newly constructed pipeline will
have on the environment.
 For onshore and offshore pipelines, these effects are highlighted in Fig. 1 and 2
process
 Routing is an important factor in any pipeline design process as this
determines areas through which the pipeline can and cannot be routed.
 Designing a pipeline from A to B, ideally it would be convenient to use the
shortest route as a straight line between the two points.
Routing Onshore Pipelines, the route must take into consideration:

 Sensitive areas (national parks, forest regenerative areas)


 Environment (wildlife, archaeological sites)
 Geography (rocky areas, fault lines, areas of erosion)
 Crossings (road, rail, rivers)
 Areas of population
 Location of compressor stations
 Location of above-ground installations
Routing
 Route of the pipeline should avoid running parallel with high-density
traffic routes, electricity power lines and other oil or gas pipelines.
 If crossing required , pipeline should cross perpendicular to the
road/railway.
 Usually, 1km wide strip is used to identify any deviations required in the
pipeline route
Routing Offshore pipelines, there are several
considerations while designing:

 On bottom stability of the pipeline, hydrodynamic loads


should be assessed to check whether the pipeline will be
stable on the seabed under its own weight and will not
move as a result of current and wave movement.

 Subsea pipelines that are not trenched are also


susceptible to spans forming owing to surface erosion and
movement. Fatigue of the pipeline and can ultimately
cause failure. Analysis of free spans along the pipeline
route should be conducted to check for vibration.

 Subsea pipelines are also at risk from lateral and upheavel


buckling. Usually this is complex and requires detailed
modelling using finite element analysis software.
Approval and Legal considerations
 For cross-country pipelines, farmers should be consulted, since compensation
payments are likely, in order to allow a pipeline to cross private land.
 Permission will be required in areas where the proposed pipeline route will cross
roads, railways or river crossings.
 Appropriate measures should be taken to ensure that the proposed route does not
affect protected wildlife species.
Pipeline Code and Standards
 Different countries have different national standards and codes for best practice.
 The basis of these codes is to provide guidance on the design, construction and operation
of pipelines.
 Pipelines are designed and constructed safely, and that the integrity of the pipeline is
maintained throughout its life cycle, comprising the following stages:
 Design
 Construction
 Pressure testing
 Operation
 Maintenance
 Repair
 Decommissioning
 Main codes used throughout the pipeline industry (Worldwide pipeline codes and standard) for both oil
and gas pipeline mentioned below:

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