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WPE

The document covers the concepts of work, power, and energy in physics, explaining how work is defined and measured, including its units and types (positive, negative, and zero work). It also discusses kinetic and potential energy, their calculations, and the law of conservation of energy, emphasizing that energy can change forms but cannot be created or destroyed. Additionally, it includes examples and calculations related to power and energy in practical scenarios.

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DEBASISH SAHOO
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3 views

WPE

The document covers the concepts of work, power, and energy in physics, explaining how work is defined and measured, including its units and types (positive, negative, and zero work). It also discusses kinetic and potential energy, their calculations, and the law of conservation of energy, emphasizing that energy can change forms but cannot be created or destroyed. Additionally, it includes examples and calculations related to power and energy in practical scenarios.

Uploaded by

DEBASISH SAHOO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WORK POWER & ENERGY

Because physics says doing nothing still makes you tired


WORK
• Work is said to be done by a force when the point of application of force is displaced the influence of
the force.
• Ex -: If you push a wall for 3 hours and it doesn't move...Physics says: "Nice try, but 0 work done!" 😬
• Let a constant force F, applied on the body, produces a displacement s is inclined to F at an angle θ.
F

S
Work done by a constant force, W = Force × component of displacement along the force
= displacement × component of force along the displacement.

W
Units and Dimension of WORK

• SI Unit : joule (J)


• 1 joule = 1 newton × 1 meter = 1 kg-m2/s2
• CGS Unit -: 1 erg = 1 dyne × 1 cm = 1 g-cm2/s2
NATURE OF WORK DONE

Positive Work Negative work Zero Work

• Work done will be zero if (F = 0 or


• If the angle is acute (< 90°). • If the angle is obtuse (90°). s = 0 or = 90° )
• It signifies that the external • It signifies that the direction of • When you stare at your book
force favors the motion of the force is such that it opposes the for 2 hours… and nothing goes
in."
body. motion of the body. 📚 You're holding the book still.
🧠 No movement. No
displacement.
💤 Force is there (from your hand),
but nothing's moved —
especially not your grades.
➡️Zero work.
A body is being raised to a height h from the surface of earth. What is the sign of work done
by applied force and gravitational force respectively

a) Positive,Positive

b) Positive,Negative

c) Negative,Positive

d) Negative,Negative

a) Positive,Negative
A body of mass 20 kg is at rest. A force of 5 N is applied on it. Calculate the work done in the
first second.
ENERGY

• Energy is the capacity to do work.


• When we say that a body has energy it means that it can
do work.
• Scalar Quantity.
• SI unit- Joule
• Dimension – []

• If a mosquito moves at 200 km/h, it still


has less energy than your sleepy walk to
the fridge. 🍕🦟
ENERGY
KINETIC ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY

• Kinetic energy is the internal • The energy possessed by a body by virtue

capacity of doing work of an object of its position or configuration

by virtue of its motion • Potential energy is a relative quantity.


KINETIC ENERGY
A block of mass 5 kg is pushed across a horizontal surface with a constant force. It
starts from rest and reaches a speed of 10 m/s over a distance of 20 meters.
Assume no energy is lost due to friction.
(a) Calculate the work done on the block.
(b) Calculate the kinetic energy gained by the block.
(c) Verify that the work done equals the kinetic energy gained.
POTENTIAL ENERGY (Stored Energy, Hidden Drama!)
• Potential Energy (PE) is the energy possessed by a body due to its position or configuration.

• Ex-: The higher you go, the more potential energy you store...Just like how your stress builds up the closer
you get to exam day. 😬

Potential Energy (PE)=mgh


Where:
•m = mass (kg)
•g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²) 🌍
•h = height from ground (m) 🪜
A 4 kg object is lifted vertically from the ground to the top of a 10-meter-high building, then
carried horizontally across the roof for 20 meters, and finally lowered down 5 meters on the
other side.
Take g=9.8 m/s2
Answer the following:
(a) What is the potential energy at the top of the building?
(b) Does carrying it horizontally across the roof change its potential energy? Why or why
not?
(c) What is its final potential energy after being lowered 5 m from the rooftop?
(d) What is the net change in potential energy from ground to final position?
Law of Conservation of Energy
• Energy can neither be created nor destroyed — it can only change from one form to another.”
• Total energy of an isolated system always remains constant.

Example: Ball Falling from a Height


1.At the top:
• Potential Energy (PE) = Maximum
• Kinetic Energy (KE) = Zero
2.On the way down:
• PE decreases
• KE increases
• Total Energy = PE + KE = Constant
3.Just before hitting the ground:
• KE = Maximum
• PE = Zero
• Total Energy is still the same!
Power
• Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

•Power is measured in watts (W).

A student of mass 60 kg climbs a staircase of height 5 meters in 10 seconds. Take g=9.8m/s2.


Calculate the power developed by the student.
1. Your friend pushes a wall for 2 hours straight, but the wall doesn’t move. How
much work has been done?
A) Enough to build muscles 💪
B) A lot – he deserves a nap 😴
C) Zero – the wall didn't move!
D) Depends on how motivated the wall is

C) Zero – the wall didn't move!


2. What has more power?
A) A bodybuilder lifting a bucket slowly 🪣
B) You lifting your backpack running up stairs
C) Your phone at 1% battery 🔋
D) You running up stairs – faster work = more
power!

D) You running up stairs – faster work = more power!


3. Potential energy is highest when...
A) You’re at the top of a roller coaster 🎢
B) You’re in bed thinking about studying 😅
C) The object is in love 💘
D) The ball is flat on the ground

A) You’re at the top of a roller coaster


4. What does a 60W bulb mean?
A) It's got 60 watts of attitude 😎
B) It uses 60 joules of energy every second
C) It glows 60 times a minute
D) It drains your study motivation

B) It uses 60 joules of energy every second


5. According to the Law of Conservation of Energy...
A) Energy goes where the attention flows
B) Sleeping = storing energy 😴
C) Energy is never created or destroyed
D) Physics teachers never run out of energy

C) Energy is never created or destroyed

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