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Lecture 6

The document provides an overview of Object Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts in Java, focusing on classes, objects, constructors, and methods. It explains the structure of a class, the characteristics of objects, and the rules for creating constructors, including default and parameterized types. Additionally, it covers method declarations, their advantages, and provides examples to illustrate these concepts.

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Lopamudra Mohanty
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2 views

Lecture 6

The document provides an overview of Object Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts in Java, focusing on classes, objects, constructors, and methods. It explains the structure of a class, the characteristics of objects, and the rules for creating constructors, including default and parameterized types. Additionally, it covers method declarations, their advantages, and provides examples to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

Lopamudra Mohanty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object Oriented Programming with Java

(Subject Code: BCS-403)

Unit 1
Lecture 6
Lecture 6
• Class
• Object
• Constructors
• Methods
Class in Java
• Class is a template or blueprint from which
objects are created.
A class in java can contain:
• data member
• method
• constructor
• block
• class and interface
Syntax to declare a class:
class <class_name>
{
data member;
method;
}
Object in Java
• Object is an instance of a class. Class is a
template or blueprint from which objects are
created. So object is the instance(result) of a
class.
An object has three characteristics:
• state: represents data (value) of an object.
• behavior: represents the behavior (functionality)
of an object such as deposit, withdraw etc.
• identity: Object identity is typically implemented
via a unique ID. The value of the ID is not visible
to the external user. But,it is used internally by
the JVM to identify each object uniquely.
Constructor in Java
• Constructor in java is a special type of
method that is used to initialize the object.
• Java constructor is invoked at the time of
object creation.
• It constructs the values i.e. provides data for
the object that is why it is known as
constructor.
Rules for creating java constructor
There are basically two rules defined for the
constructor.
• Constructor name must be same as its class
name
• Constructor must have no explicit return type
Types of java constructors
There are two types of constructors:
• Default constructor (no-arg constructor)
• Parameterized constructor
Example of default constructor
• In this example, we are creating the no-arg
constructor in the Bike class. It will be invoked
at the time of object creation.
class Bike1{
Bike1(){System.out.println("Bike is created");}
public static void main(String args[]){
Bike1 b=new Bike1();
}}
Rule: If there is no constructor in a class,
compiler automatically creates a default
constructor.
Example of parameterized constructor
class Student4{
int id;
String name;

Student4(int i,String n){


id = i;
name = n;
}
void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name);}

public static void main(String args[]){


Student4 s1 = new Student4(111,"Karan");
Student4 s2 = new Student4(222,"Aryan");
s1.display();
s2.display();
}
}
Constructor Overloading in Java
• Constructor overloading is a technique in Java
in which a class can have any number of
constructors that differ in parameter lists.
• The compiler differentiates these constructors
by taking into account the number of
parameters in the list and their type.
class Student5{
int id;
String name;
int age;
Student5(int i,String n){
id = i;
name = n;
}
Student5(int i,String n,int a){
id = i;
name = n;
age=a;
}
void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name+" "+age);}

public static void main(String args[]){


Student5 s1 = new Student5(111,"Karan");
Student5 s2 = new Student5(222,"Aryan",25);
s1.display();
s2.display();
}
}
Java Copy Constructor
• There is no copy constructor in java. But, we
can copy the values of one object to another
like copy constructor in C++.
• There are many ways to copy the values of
one object into another in java. They are:
• By constructor
• By assigning the values of one object into
another
class Student6{
int id;
String name;
Student6(int i,String n){
id = i;
name = n;
}
Student6(Student6 s){
id = s.id;
name =s.name;
}
void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name);}

public static void main(String args[]){


Student6 s1 = new Student6(111,"Karan");
Student6 s2 = new Student6(s1);
s1.display();
s2.display();
}
}
Methods in Java

• Methods of Java is a collection of statements that perform


some specific task and return the result to the caller.
• 1. A method is like a function i.e. used to expose the
behavior of an object.
• 2. It is a set of codes that perform a particular task.

Syntax of Method
<access_modifier> <return_type>
<method_name>( list_of_parameters)
{
//body
}
Advantage of Method
• Code Reusability
• Code Optimization
Method Declaration
Method Declaration
In general, method declarations have 6 components:
1.Modifier: It defines the access type of the method i.e.
from where it can be accessed in your application. In Java,
there 4 types of access specifiers.
• public: It is accessible in all classes in your application.
• protected: It is accessible within the class in which it is
defined and in its subclass/es
• private: It is accessible only within the class in which it is
defined.
• default: It is declared/defined without using any modifier. It
is accessible within the same class and package within which
its class is defined.
Note: It is Optional in syntax.
2. The return type: The data type of the value
returned by the method or void if does not return a
value. It is Mandatory in syntax.
3. Method Name: the rules for field names apply to
method names as well, but the convention is a little
different. It is Mandatory in syntax.
4. Parameter list: Comma-separated list of the input
parameters is defined, preceded by their data type,
within the enclosed parenthesis. If there are no
parameters, you must use empty parentheses (). It is
Optional in syntax.
5. Exception list: The exceptions you expect by the
method can throw, you can specify these
exception(s). It is Optional in syntax.
6. Method body: it is enclosed between braces.
The code you need to be executed to perform
your intended operations. It is Optional in
syntax.
Example
class Addition {
// Initially taking sum as 0
// as we have not started computation
int sum = 0;
// Method
// To add two numbers
public int addTwoInt(int a, int b)
{
// Adding two integer value
sum = a + b;

// Returning summation of two values


return sum;
}
}

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