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Intro to Research

The document provides an overview of research, defining it as a systematic inquiry process aimed at generating knowledge and solving problems. It discusses the importance of research, criteria for selecting research topics, and various research methodologies including quantitative and qualitative approaches. Additionally, it outlines common errors in selecting research populations and emphasizes the significance of clearly defined research problems and questions.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views24 pages

Intro to Research

The document provides an overview of research, defining it as a systematic inquiry process aimed at generating knowledge and solving problems. It discusses the importance of research, criteria for selecting research topics, and various research methodologies including quantitative and qualitative approaches. Additionally, it outlines common errors in selecting research populations and emphasizes the significance of clearly defined research problems and questions.

Uploaded by

tomieabala
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction

to
Re s e a r c h
P R O F. R O W E N A A . B A L O Y O , P h D
• What is Research?

• What is the importance of

Research?

Contents
• What research is not?

• What problems are researchable?

• Qualities of Good Research

• Ty p e s o f R e s e a r c h M e t h o d o l o g y
• Qua ntita t iv e Re se a rc h De signs

• Qualitative Research Designs


What is Research?
• is a systematic inquiry p ro c e s s that entails data documentation of critical

information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, according to

s u i t a b l e m e t h o d o l o g i e s s e t b y s p e c i fi c p ro f e s s i o n a l fi e l d s a n d a c a d e m i c d i s c i p l i n e s .

RE-SEARCH – an iterative process


Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information in order to increase our

understanding of a topic or issue (Creswell, 2005). Generally, research consists of 3 steps:

• Pose a question

• Collect data to answer the question

• Present an answer to the question


What is the
Importance
of
What is the importance of Research?

Research can find answers...


• Re s e a r c h c a n fi n d a n s w e r s t o t h i n g s t h a t a r e
u n k n o w n , fi l l i n g g a p s i n k n o w l e d g e a n d c h a n g i n g
the way that healthcare professionals work.

The goal of the research...


• The goal of the research process is to produce
new knowledge or deepen understanding of a
topic or issue.
What
Problems
are
What Problems are
Researchable?
Researchable
Problems
• imply the possibility of empirical
investigation .
Non-researchable Problems
• include explanations of how to do something, vague
propositions, and value-based concerns.
Qualities of
a
Good
Qualities of a Good Research

Generation of knowledge

The main purpose of the research is to develop new knowledge or refine existing KNOWLEDGE

Problem-solving

Finding answers or solutions to the professional problem is another important purpose.

Accuracy

Research activity is incomplete and poor until gathered data is adequate.


Criteria for Selecting A Research Topic include:

1. Relevance. Should address a priority problem & and have implications for

the scientific community on society at large.

2. Avoidance of Duplication. ensure that a topic has not been extensively

researched or has identity further investigation.

3. Feasibility. should be doubled within the available timeframe with the


necessary resources and expertise.
Criteria for Selecting A Research Topic include:

4. Novelty. should contribute to existing knowledge & and be based


on up-to-date literature.
5. Ethical Implications. should adhere to ethical principles.
6. Interest. The topic should be interesting to the researcher & and
scientific community.
Types of
Research
Methodolo
Types of Research Methodology

Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
Mixed Methods Research
Types of Research Methodology

Research methods encompass a variety of strategies, processes, and


techniques used to collect data for analysis. Some common types of
research methods include:

• Quantitative Research. is used to create numeric statistics by using


survey research.
• Qualitative Research. examines the behaviors, opinions, and
experiences of individuals through methods of observation
• Mixed Methods Research. Combines both quantitative and
qualitative research
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS

Descriptive Research

Correlational Research

Causal-Comparative Research

Experimental Research
Descriptive Research- use to describe the characteristics of a population or

phenomenon

Ex. Understanding The Coffee Drinking Habits of University Students SOP:

What are the coffee drinking habits of undergraduate students?

Correlational Research- is use to understand between two

or more variables. (Ex. Relationship Between Social

Media Usage and Self Esteem)


Causal-Comparative Research

• use to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables. It involves

comparing groups.

• Ex. Employees at Technology Companies VS. Employees at

Manufacturing Firms
Experimental Research

• is guided by a specific hypothesis & and involves the manipulation of variables to observe the

effect. (Ex. The Impact of A Four Day Workweek on Employee Productivity and Well

Being :A Randomized Controlled Trial ( SOP: Employees who Participate A Day


QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS

Phenomenological Research

Grounded Theory Research

Ethnographic Research

Narrative Research

Case Study Research

Action Research
Qualitative research encompasses various approaches and methods to gather in-

depth insights and understandings. Some common types of qualitative research

include:

• Phenomenological Research. This method is used to explore the meaning of a

particular phenomenon or experience. (Ex. Lived Experiences of Solo Parents,

Lived Experiences of Students Who Were Stranded During Covid 19)

• Ethnographic Research. This method is used to study the culture and behavior of a

particular group or community. (Ex. Ethnographic Study Of Manobo’s Culture)

• Grounded Theory Research. This method is used to develop a theory based on the
• Case Study Research- this method is used to study a particular case or situation in

depth. (Ex. How did LEGO company Faced Near Bankrupcy During COVID)

• Narrative Research-is used to explore the stories & and experiences of

individuals. (Ex.

• -SOP: To understand the lived experiences of resilience among adults who were bullied as

children”)

• Action Research. Is used to solve practical problems. (Ex. Improving Student

Engagement in Math Through Collaborative Problem Solving)

• Focus Group. Is used to gather data from a group of people who share similar
Key
Elements
of
Research Problem: Clearly states the central
issue to be addressed.
Research Questions: Specific questions the
study aims to answer.
Study Limitations: Acknowledges constraints or
biases that might affect the research.
Target Population: Defines the group of
individuals or entities to be studied.
Timeframe: Specifies the duration of the study.
Geographical Boundaries: Indicates the
geographical location(s) involved.
Common
Errors in
Selecting a
1. Population Specification Errors:
These occur when the researcher is UNCLEAR about who should be surveyed or
included in the study. For example, in a study about consumer behavior, focusing
only on housewives might miss the influence of other family members on
purchasing decisions.
2. Sampling and Sample Frame Errors:
These errors happen when the WRONG SUBPOPULATION is used to select a
sample, leading to a sample that does not represent the population of interest.
3. Selection Errors:
These occur when the sample is selected using non-probability methods,
leading to biased results. For instance, if only those interested in a topic
participate in a study, the findings may not reflect the broader population's views.
4. Overly Broad Problem Specification:
When the problem is too broadly defined, it can be difficult to focus the
research and may lead to a lack of clear objectives or outcomes.

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