K. K.

Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research

Automatic Vehicle Speed Control System

1. Bhavana S. Wagh
2. Sumit J. Yeola
3. Ajinkya S. Inamdar

Under the guidance of

Prof. Dr. S. P. Munot(Bhabad)
 Index
❑Introduction

❑Literature Survey/review

❑Block Diagram

❑Project Specification

❑Design and simulation

❑Advantages and Applications

❑Future Scope

❑Project Completion Plan

❑References
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
2 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik.
Introduction
• The main idea of the proposed system is to design a speed control system in which the vehicle
can adjust its speed depending on the road's speed limit.
• This system can also have the feature to avoid collision with other vehicles.
• If a driver drives a vehicle at a high speed on a road where speed is limited, the system will
automatically decrease the vehicle's speed by obtaining information from color strips painted
on the road.
• Furthermore, if a vehicle approaches very close to its front vehicle, the system automatically
decreases the vehicle's speed.
• The system works when the vehicle needs speed control, especially on highways and other
roads where the speed limits are required. The driver cannot able to increase the speed of the
vehicle when it is in a speed-limiting zone.
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
3 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik.
 Literature Review
Title of paper Author Publish Date Methodology Conclusions Future Scope

A Fuzzy Neural Aaron Don M. Africa, 2019 1. Fuzzy logic Improved Test on larger, real-
Control System Patrick Bernard T. combined with adaptability of world systems and
Arevalo, neural networks. 2. control systems for improve real-time
Arsenic S. Publico, Used for more dynamic performance.
Mharela Angela A. adaptive control environments.
Tan systems.
Robust Speed Huang, 2019 1.Developed a Achieved stable Apply to more
Synchronization J.Zhang, control system to speed complex motor-
Control for an handle feedback synchronization transmission
Integrated Motor- delays. despite feedback systems, testing
Transmission 2. Synchronizes delay. under different load
Powertrain System motor speed and conditions.
with Feedback Delay transmission.
Modelling and Malafronte, L., 2019 1.Proposed a new Improved efficiency Expand testing to
Control of A Novel Grandone, M., Lega, model for clutch less and smooth different electric
Clutchless Multiple- A., Pennese, M. transmissions. performance in vehicle types and
Speed Transmission 2. Focused on electric vehicle refine model for
for Electric Vehicles electric vehicles. transmissions. better efficiency.

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 Literature Review
Title of paper Author Publish Date Methodology Conclusions Future Scope

Simulation of Fault Anu George, 2015 1. Simulated fault- Created a fault- Implement in real-
Tolerant Operation Dhanya B. Nair tolerant boost tolerant model for world systems and
of Boost Converter converters. 2. Tested handling switch further improve fault
during Open and failure modes failures in handling capabilities.
Short Circuit Switch (open/short circuit). converters.
Failure
Smart Zone Based Vinod Rao, 2014 1. Used RF signals Successfully Integrate more
Vehicle Speed Saketh Kumar and obstacle controlled speed and advanced sensors
Control Using RF detection for vehicle prevented accidents and apply in
and Obstacle speed control. 2. in restricted zones. autonomous vehicle
Detection and Applied in defined systems for
Accident Prevention zones. enhanced safety.
Automatic Speed A. Vengadesh, 2015 1. Developed a Successfully Expand coverage to
Control of Vehicle in B. K. Sekar system using RF controlled vehicle larger areas and
Restricted Areas and GSM to control speed in restricted integrate with GPS
Using RF and GSM speed. 2. Applied in zones using RF and technology for
restricted areas. GSM technologies. broader applications.

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 Literature Review
Title of paper Author Publish Date Methodology Conclusions Future Scope

NCPSRR: Road A.K. Dey 2018 1.Collected data on Emphasized the Use accident data to
accidents killed road accidents. need for improved develop more
4,284 people in 2017 2. Analyzed the road safety and automated systems
number of fatalities accident prevention for traffic
in 2017. measures. management and
safety
improvements.
Automatic Vehicle Sathiskumar S, 2016 1.Developed a System successfully Further development
Speed Control Navean G V, speed control controlled vehicle for real-time
System in a Hari Prakash R, system using RF speed in defined applications and
Restricted Zone Vishnu Praveen S signals. zones using RF integration with other
2. Applied in technology. technologies.
restricted zones.
Automatic Speed Sunil R. Kewate, 2015 1.Used color Model successfully Incorporate
Control System by S.V. Karmare, sensors to detect controlled vehicle advanced sensor
the Color Sensor for Nehal Sayankar, road signals. speed based on technology for better
Automobiles – An Siddharth Gavhale 2. Adjusted vehicle road signals using accuracy and apply
Innovative Model- speed based on color sensors. to autonomous
Based Approach signal color. driving systems.

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 Literature Review
Title of paper Author Publish Date Methodology Conclusions Future Scope

Automatic Speed Sunil R. Kewate, 2014 1.Color sensors Innovative approach Further research
Control System by S.V. Karmare, used to detect speed for speed control could explore
the Color Sensor for Nehal Sayankar, limits. using color sensors. integration with
Automobiles - An Siddharth Gavhale 2. Speed control traffic signals for
Innovative Model based on detected enhanced
Based Approach color indications. functionality.
Intelligent Vehicle Ateeth Kumar 2012 1. Uses RFID improved vehicle Could be further
Control Based on Thirukkovulur, transponders for control and improved by
Identification of Harikrishna vehicle control. 2. compliance with integrating more
Road and Traffic Nandagopal, Identifies traffic traffic rules using advanced RFID and
Signal Operated Vigneesh Parivallal signals and road RFID technology. sensor technologies
RFID Transponders signs. for wider
applicability.

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 Block Diagram

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Project Specification

❑ PIC16F877A :-
1. Model:PIC16F877A is an 8-bit microcontroller from
Microchip Technology, part of the PIC16F family.
2. Definition:The PIC16F877A is an 8-bit RISC-based
microcontroller with a 35-instruction set.
3. Output Voltage:The microcontroller operates at 5V logic
levels, meaning its output pins will typically output 0V (Low) or
5
4. Input Voltage:Operating Voltage Range: 4.0V to 5.5V.
5. Efficiency: Power-efficient design due to its low power
consumption, especially in sleep mode.

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

9 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik.
Project Specification

❑Hall Effect Sensor:- • Model: Common models include A3144 (digital) and SS49E or
AH3503 (analog).
• Definition: A sensor that detects magnetic fields and converts
them to a voltage signal, used for position, proximity, or current
sensing.
• Model: SS49E.
• Input Voltage: 2.7V to 6.5V.
• Output Voltage: 0.2V to 4.8V (for 5V input).
• Current Rating: Less than 6 mA.
• Protection: Some ESD protection.
• Efficiency: Efficient for continuous sensing in precision
applications.
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
10 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik.
Project Specification

❑Ultrasonic Sensor:- • Model: A common model is the HC-SR04, used for distance measurement.
• Definition: Ultrasonic sensors use sound waves (above the human hearing
range) to detect objects and measure distances by emitting a pulse and
measuring the echo return time.
• Output Voltage: Digital pulse output: High (5V) or Low (0V) depending
on whether an object is detected.
• Input Voltage:Typically 5V for models like HC-SR04.
• Current Rating: Low power consumption, around 15 mA for most sensors
like HC-SR04.
• Protection: Waterproof models (e.g., JSN-SR04T) have environmental
protection against moisture.

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

11 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik.
Project Specification

❑Color Sensor:-
• Model: TCS34725 color sensors.
• Definition: Color sensors detect the color of an object by measuring the intensity of light in the
red, green, blue (RGB), and sometimes clear (C) channels.
• Output Voltage(TCS34725): Digital frequency output proportional to the color intensity.
• Input Voltage(TCS34725): Typically 2.7V to 5.5V.
• Current Rating(TCS34725): About 2 mA in active mode.
• Protection: Basic ESD protection and reverse polarity protection are generally available.
• Efficiency: Color sensors are highly efficient, with low power consumption, making them ideal
for battery-operated systems or embedded applications where continuous sensing is required.

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

12 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik.
Project Specification

❑LCD Module:-  Compatible with Arduino Board or other controller board with
I2C bus.
 Display Type: Negative white on Blue backlight.
 I2C Address:0x38-0x3F (0x3F default)
 Supply voltage: 5V
 Interface: I2C to 4bits LCD data and control lines.
 Contrast Adjustment: built-in Potentiometer.
 Backlight Control: Firmware or jumper wire.
 Board Size: 80x36 mm

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

13 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik.
Project Specification
• Definition: The L298N Dual H-Bridge Motor Driver Module is one of the most
❑Motor Driver :- commonly used models for controlling DC motors and stepper motors.
• Output Voltage: Typically up to 46V for driving motors.
• Logic Output Voltage: The module has 5V logic for interfacing with microcontrollers
(e.g., Arduino).
• Input Voltage: Motor Power Supply (VMS): 4.8V to 46V to drive motors.
• Logic Supply (Vss): Typically 5V (can be supplied via onboard 5V regulator if input
voltage is above 7V).
• Current Rating: Maximum output current per motor channel: 2A continuous (with heat
sink).
• Protection: Overtemperature Protection: The L298N IC has a built-in thermal
shutdown to prevent overheating.
• Efficiency: A heat sink is required for continuous high-current operation to prevent
overheating.

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

14 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik.
Project Specification

❑DC Motor :-
•Model Number: Depends on the manufacturer and motor series.
•Input Voltage: 12V, 24V, 48V, etc. (Common DC motor input voltages)
•Output Voltage: The output voltage depends on the motor's back EMF, which is usually
slightly less than the input voltage.
•Current Rating: 1A to 10A (or more depending on the motor size and application)
•Power: Varies from a few watts to several kilowatts (e.g., 100W, 500W, 1kW).
•Speed: Typically rated in RPM (Revolutions Per Minute), e.g., 1500 RPM, 3000 RPM.
•Torque: Measured in Nm (Newton meters), can vary from small fractions (0.1 Nm) for
small motors to larger values (100 Nm) for industrial motors.
•Efficiency: DC motors typically have an efficiency range of 70% to 90%.

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

15 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik.
 Design/Simulation

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 Design/Simulation

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 Design/Simulation
In the initial state, when the
vehicle starts the value of the
RGB vector in the color sensor is
(0,0,0) and the vehicle is running
in its normal speed. After that, the
color sensor obtained an RGB
vector from colors painted on the
road.
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 Design/Simulation

If any obstacle is within a

critical range, the breaking
system is activated . This can
be done using an ultrasonic
sensor.

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 Design/Simulation
When Blue color is detected and
maximum car speed is set at 60km/hr.
If the RGB vector is (255, 0, 0) Here
the car starts running at normal speed
until it cross color strip.

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 Design/Simulation
If the Green color strip is on the road
then the maximum Vehicle speed is 80
km/hr.

Next, the color sensor makes a

decision based on the value of RGB. If
the RGB vector is (0, 255, 0) then the
green color is detected and the
maximum car speed is set at 80 km/hr.

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 Design/Simulation

If the red color strip on road then

no limit is set for the vehicle.

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 Advantages and Application
Advantages Applications
1. Improves safety by automatically 1. Highways for safe driving at correct
adjusting speed to match limits. speeds.
2. City roads to handle changing speed
2. Prevents crashes by slowing the car when limits and sudden stops.
it's too close to another vehicle.
3. School zones to protect pedestrians by
3. Enforce speed limits so drivers can’t lowering speed.
exceed them in restricted areas. 4. Construction sites to keep drivers and
4. Reduces stress by managing speed workers safe.
control, making driving easier. 5. Commercial vehicles to ensure trucks and
deliveries follow speed rules.
5. Saves fuel by maintaining the most
efficient speed.
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 Future Scope
•Smart Road Integration: Vehicles could connect with smart roads and
traffic signs to get real-time speed limits and updates.

•Autonomous Driving: The system could evolve to help self-driving

cars control speed and avoid accidents.

•Better Driver Control: Future systems could offer easier ways for drivers to
switch between automatic and manual speed control.

•Safer with Other Features: It could work alongside other safety systems,
like automatic braking and lane-keeping, to make driving even safer.

•Fuel Efficiency: By keeping the vehicle at optimal speeds, the system could save
24 fuel and reduce emissions.
 Project Completion Plan
Project Completion Plan
Project Initiation

Require ments Analysis

System Architecture Design

Simulation

Schematic And PCB Designing

Building Prototype

Testing And Validation

Feedback And Improvement

Documentation
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
25 Aug-24 Sep-24 Oct-24 Nov-24 Dec-24 Jan-24 Feb-24 Mar-24
 References
[1] A.K.Dey, “NCPSRR : Road accidents killed 4,284 people in 2017”, Dhaka Tribune, Dhaka, Jan1, 2018.
[2] Bishop, R.H, "Intelligent Vehicle Technology and Trends”, Artech House Publishers2005.
[3] Pérez J., González C., Milanés V., OnievaE., Godoy J., de Pedro T. Modularity, “Adaptability and Evolution in the
AUTOPIA Architecture for Control of Autonomous Vehicles”, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
Mechatronics (ICM 2016); Málaga, Spain. April 14–17, 2017.
[4] Ateeth Kumar Thirukkovulur1, Harikrishna Nandagopal2, Vignesh Parivallal, “Intelligent Vehicle Control Based On
Identification Of Road And Traffic Signal Operated RFID Transponders”, International Conference On Advances In Electrical
and Electronics Engineering (ICAEE'2012) Penang, Malaysia, 2012.
[5] Mingjiang H., Liqiao Q., " Optimizing Linearity of the Throttle Position Sensor Based on RBFCMGA", Third International
Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application, 2009, pp 685-688.
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 References
[6] Kewate, Sunil R., et al. "Automatic Speed Control System by the Color Sensor for Automobiles-An Innovative Model Based
Approach." International Journal of Advanced Mechanical Engineering 4.2 (2014): 223-230.
[7] Denton, T. , “Automobile electrical and electronic systems”, Routledge,2017.
[8] Longoria, R. G. "Vehicle longitudinal speed control." lecture notes, Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Texas
at Austin, February 10, 2015.
[9] Pérez, Joshué, Fernando Seco, Vicente Milanés, Antonio Jiménez, Julio C. Díaz, and Teresa De Pedro, "An RFID-based intelligent
vehicle speed controller using active traffic signals", Sensors vol. 10, no. 6, 2010.
[10] McKay, D., Nichols, G., & Schreurs, B. , “Delphi electronic throttle control systems for model year 2000; driver features, system
security, and OEM benefits. ETC for the mass market", SAE Technical Paper, No. 2000-01-0556,2000
[11] Starkweather, Michael W., and James Patrick McKenna., "Non-contacting throttle valve position sensor", U.S. Patent No.
27 6,288,534. 11 Sep. 2001.
 References
[12] Shibly Ahmed AL-Samsrraie, "Design of a Continuous Sliding Mode Controller For The Electronic Throttle Valve System",
Journal of Engineering, Iraq, Baghdad University, 2011, pp. 859-871.
[13] Al, A. P. D. S. A., Al-Nadawi, L. Y. K., Mishary, M. H., & Salih, M. M. (2015). “Electronic Throttle Valve Control Design Based
on Sliding Mode Perturbation Estimator”, Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communication and Control & Systems Engineering, vol.15
no.2 pp. 65-74, 2015.

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 Thank You

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

29 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik.