The Circulatory

System

Miss N Brady
What is the
circulatory
system?
Why do we need a circulatory system?

• Every cell in our body needs food and oxygen

• Why?
• Energy
Why do we need a circulatory system?

• Some cells need other substances such as

hormones
• They control the functions of the cell
Why do we need a circulatory system?

• Every cell needs to get rid of waste

• What waste would the cells need to get rid
off?
• Carbon dioxide
• Water
Why do we need a circulatory system?
• How does the circulatory system and the
digestive system interact?

• The circulatory system picks up up

nutrients from the digestive system
• It then carries the nutrients to the cells in
the body
Why do we need a circulatory system?
• How do you think the circulatory system
interacts with the lungs?

• It collects oxygen from the lungs

• It carries it the oxygen to the other cells
Why do we need a circulatory system?
• How does the circulatory system get rid of
waste?

• The circulatory system collects waste from

the cells
• It carries the waste to the lungs and the
kidneys
 Substances Where added to Where removed
blood from blood
Oxygen Lungs Cells

Carbon Dioxide Cells Lungs

Waste Chemicals Cells Liver, Kidneys, Skin

Nutrients Small Intestine Cells

Water Small and Large Kidneys, Skin, Lungs

Intestine
 Substances Where added to Where removed
blood from blood
Oxygen Lungs Cells

Carbon Dioxide Cells Lungs

Waste Chemicals Cells Liver, Kidneys, Skin

Nutrients Small Intestine Cells

Water Small and Large Kidneys, Skin, Lungs

Intestine
Blood
Blood
William Harvey

1578-1657

Folkestone, Kent

First person to explain how the blood

flows around the human body
Functions of blood
Functions of blood

To transport oxygen to the cells

To transport food to the cells
To transport waste materials away from the cells
The help fight infections
To help keep the body at the correct temperature
Components of
blood
Compositions of blood
Composition of blood

• Blood is a tissue
• Made up of similar cells working together

Tissue
A tissue is a group of cells with a similar structure
and function
Plasma Blood is made up of a
straw coloured liquid
• Plasma

Plasma is made up of
mostly water and
proteins

Blood cells float in

the plasma
Plasma

• Food particles such as glucose, amino acids, vitamins and

minerals are also floating in the plasma

• Heat produced by organs such as the liver and muscles

moves around the body by the plasma
Components of blood

• There are three types of cells floating in the plasma

• Red blood cell
• White blood cell
• Platelets
Blood cells
Blood cells Functions
Red Blood Cells Carry oxygen to the
body cells

White Blood Cells Fight infections

Platelets Clot blood when

blood vessels are
damaged
Blood cells
Blood cells Functions
Red Blood Cells Carry oxygen to the
body cells

White Blood Cells Fight infections

Platelets Clot blood when

blood vessels are
damaged
Red blood cells Have red pigment
(colour)
• Haemoglobin

Oxygen attaches to
the Haemoglobin
Oxygen gets released
when it reaches the
body cells
White blood
cells White blood cells
fight infection

Some white blood

cells surround
bacteria and engulf
them
• The white blood cell digest
the bacteria
White blood
cells
Some white blood
cells produce
antibodies

• Antibodies hold the

bacteria so the engulfing
cell can capture them
Platelets Platelets help to clot
blood when a blood
vessel gets damaged
• Clots prevent blood
from escaping
• They also prevent
microorganism such as
bacteria from getting
into the body
Where blood cells are made

• Most blood cells are made

in the bone marrow
• Bone marrow is a spongy
material in the centre of
bones
Where blood cells are made

• In children all bones make

blood cells
• In adults only the long
bones make blood
Where blood cells are made

• Blood cells get worn and die

• So more need to be made to
replace them
 Blood Vessels

Miss N Brady
 Blood vessels

• What are blood vessels?

• What types of blood vessels do

we have?
 • We have three types of blood
Blood
vessels
Vessels • Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries
Arteries

Carry blood
Arteries =
away from the
Away
heart
Arteries It needs to
withstand
the high
Have thick pressures of
Why?
walls blood being
pumped
from the
heart
Arteries

Aorta is the It branches It delivers

major into oxygenated
artery in smaller blood to
the body arteries the body
Veins

Carries blood
to the heart
Veins
The blood is
Have thinner under less
walls than Why?
pressure than
arteries in the arteries
Veins

The Venae They bring

(Vena Cava – blood rich in
Cavae are the single)
major veins carbon
dioxide back
to the heart
What did you learn?
Capillaries

They are thin blood vessels that link the arteries

and veins

There is a huge network of capillaries

throughout the body
Capillaries

The walls are so thin that molecules can easily

pass through
 Capillaries
• what molecules would pass
through the capillary walls?

• Oxygen, carbon dioxide,

glucose, waste and hormones
PULSE
Pulse

• What is pulse?

Pulse
A pulse is a vibration in an artery due to the beat of
the heart
How to measure your pulse?

• Count the number of pulses you feel for 30 seconds

How to measure your pulse?

• Use your index and

middle finger to
locate you pulse on
the inside of your
wrist
How to measure your pulse?

• Multiply your answer by 2 to get heart rate

• Why?
• Heart rate is measured in beats per minute
The Heart
The Heart

• The heart is made of a unique type of muscle

• Cardiac muscle

Cardiac
Cardiac means something to do with the heart

• It never tires
The Heart

• It’s the size of a persons fist

• Its functions is to pump oxygenated blood around the
body
• It also pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Can you name any parts of the heart?
Right side Left side
What do you notice about the different sides of the heart?
What do you notice about the different sides of the heart?
Experiment
Dissection of a sheep's heart
Equipment needed

• Cutting board • Disinfectant

• Lab coat
• Newspaper
• Goggles
• Knife • Plastic bag
• Gloves • Sheep’s heart
Procedure

• Place the cutting board on a few sheets of newspaper on

the bench
• Put on lab coat and goggles
• Put on gloves
Procedure

• Examine the outside of the heart

• Including picking up the heart
• How does it feel?
• What does it look like?
Procedure

• Can you identify which side is the front of the heart

• How?
• Can you identify the different vessels?
• How many main vessels are there?
Procedure

• Cut diagonally along

the left side of the
heart
• Cut 1 on the diagram
Procedure

• Cut perpendicular
down from the first cut
• Cut 2 on the diagram
Procedure

• What chamber can you

now see into?
• What do you notice
about the chamber?
Procedure

• Cut diagonally along

the right side of the
heart
• Cut 3 on the diagram
Procedure

• Cut perpendicular up
from the last cut
• Cut 4 on the diagram
Procedure

• What chamber can you

now see into?
• What do you notice
about the chamber?
Procedure

• Locate the atria and cut

a slice to open them
• Cut 5 & 6 on the
diagram
Procedure

• What do you notice

about these chambers?
Procedure

• If the pulmonary artery

and the aorta are still
attached
• Cut a slice through each
to open them
• Cut 7&8 in the diagram
Procedure

• What do you notice

about these vessels?
Procedure

• Clean up your experiment and equipment.

• Clean down the bench
• Wash your hands
Blood Circulation
Circulation

• The blood circulates through the heart and around the

body
Circulation
through the Blood enters the right atrium
heart through the vena cava

Blood enters the left atrium

through the aorta

This happens at the same

time
Circulation
through the The left atrium and the
heart right atrium contract at
the same time

The blood is squeezed

down to the right and
left ventricles
Circulation
through the The right and left ventricle
heart contract at the same time

Blood from the right ventricle is

forced into the pulmonary artery

This travels to the lungs

Circulation
through the The right and left ventricle
contract at the same time
heart
Blood from the left ventricle
is forced into the Aorta

This travels to the body

Circulation through the heart

• When the aorta leaves the

heart
• The first organ to receive
blood
• Is the heart its self
Circulation through the heart

• The heart has arteries

that supply it with oxygen
and nutrients
• These are called the
coronary arteries
How do organs of the
circulatory interact
with each other?
Heart and arteries

• Arteries carry blood away from the heart

Heart and Veins

• Veins carry blood to the heart
Arteries, veins and Capillaries

• Arteries break up into smaller vessels

• Capillaries
• Capillaries join back together to form veins
How organs of
the circulatory
system interact
with other
systems
How organs of the circulatory system interact
with other systems
• Food and oxygen are delivered to all organs by the
blood

• The stomach and small intestine are surrounded by a

large number of blood vessels

• Waste such as carbon dioxide ae removed from the

organs by the blood
Learning outcomes