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3 Logic Circuits

Logic circuits, or digital circuits, utilize propositional logic to design computer hardware, as first noted by Claude Shannon in 1938. They consist of logic gates like AND, OR, and NOT, which process binary inputs to produce outputs based on defined logical relationships. Combinatorial circuits are a type of digital circuit where outputs depend solely on current inputs, without memory elements.

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Emalyn Revilla
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3 views

3 Logic Circuits

Logic circuits, or digital circuits, utilize propositional logic to design computer hardware, as first noted by Claude Shannon in 1938. They consist of logic gates like AND, OR, and NOT, which process binary inputs to produce outputs based on defined logical relationships. Combinatorial circuits are a type of digital circuit where outputs depend solely on current inputs, without memory elements.

Uploaded by

Emalyn Revilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Logic Circuits

Logic Circuits
Logic circuit (digital circuit)
● Propositional logic can be applied to the design of
computer hardware. This was first observed in
1938 by Claude Shannon in his MIT master’s thesis.

It is an electronic circuit having one or more inputs and


only one output. The relationship between the input
and output is based on a certain logic. Hence logic
gates are named as AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate.
A logic circuit (or digital circuit) receives input signals p1, p2,...,pn,
each a bit [either 0 (off) or 1 (on)], and produces output signals s1,
s2,...,sn, each a bit.
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OR Gate
Definition: The OR gate outputs 1 (True) if at least one input is
1 (True). It only outputs 0 (False) when all inputs are 0 (False).
Logic Circuits
Example: A doorbell system where
either a front-door button (A) or a back-
door button (B) can ring the bell.
Pressing any button will ring the bell.
AND Gate
Definition: The AND gate outputs
1 (True) only when all inputs are
1 (True). If at least one input is 0
(False), the output is 0 (False).
Example: Imagine a system where
two switches (A and B) control a
light. The light will turn ON (1)
only if both switches are ON.
Definition: The NOT gate is a
single-input gate that inverts
the input. If the input is 1
(True), the output is 0 (False),
and vice versa.
Example: A simple switch circuit where
pressing a button (input = 1) turns OFF a
light (output = 0), and releasing it (input
= 0) turns it ON (output = 1).
FIGURE 1. Basic Logic
Gates

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Inverter (Not Gate)

Input Output

0 1

1 0

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OR Gate Input
1
1 Output
0
0 1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0 14
AND Gate Input
1
1 Output
0
0 1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0 15
Combinatorial Circuit
● combinational circuit is a type of digital circuit
where the output depends only on the current
inputs and not on any past inputs (i.e., there is
no memory element). These circuits are built
using logic gates such as AND, OR, and NOT to
perform various logical operations.
● A combinatorial circuit is a generalized gate. In
general, such a circuit has m inputs and n
outputs.
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Find the output of this combinatorial
circuit. Given: p=1, q=1, r=0.

17
Solution:

18
Given: p=1, q=1, r=0.
0
1
1
1
0
0
1

19
20
- (p ˄ (q ˅ -r))

q ˅ -r p ˄ (q ˅ -r)
-r

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Given: p=0, q=1, r=1.

1
1 0
1
0 1 1

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-p
-p˄-q
(- p ˄ - q)˅ (p ˄ r)
-q

p˄r

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Given: p=0, q=0, r=1.
1 1
0
0 1
1
0
1
0

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Your Turn

p=0 ; q =1

p=1 ; q =0 25
Answers:
-p
-p˅-q
-q

p v (- p ˄ q)
-p

-(p v (- p ˄ q))
-p˄q
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1
0 1

1
0
1
1
0 0
1
0
0
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Exercise 1 (Show on the
board)
Build a digital circuit that produces the output
(p ∨ ¬r) ∧ (¬p ∨ (q ∨ ¬r)) when given input
bits p, q, and r.

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Solution to Exercise 1
(p ∨ ¬r) ∧ (¬p ∨ (q ∨ ¬r))

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-p
-p ˅ -r
(-p ˅ -r) ˄ -q
-r
-q
-p

-p ˄ (q ˅ r)
q˅r
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Your Turn

31

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