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Chapter 3 discusses variables and their scope in Java, detailing three types: local, instance, and class (static) variables. Local variables are temporary and exist only within their block, instance variables are tied to objects and have default values, while class variables are shared across instances and can be accessed using the class name. The chapter also covers variable initialization and data types, emphasizing the need for explicit initialization of local variables.

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4 views

JavaScript Present

Chapter 3 discusses variables and their scope in Java, detailing three types: local, instance, and class (static) variables. Local variables are temporary and exist only within their block, instance variables are tied to objects and have default values, while class variables are shared across instances and can be accessed using the class name. The chapter also covers variable initialization and data types, emphasizing the need for explicit initialization of local variables.

Uploaded by

mohamedliban972
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3

Topic: Variables & their Scope


Outlines [Expected Time: 1 Hours]

• Variables and their Scope


• Local Variables
• Instance Variables
• Class Variables
Variables
 Variables are the data members or the fields defined
inside a class.

 There are three types of variables:


 Local Variables
 Instance Variables
 Class Variables
Local Variables
 Local variables are those data members which are
declared in methods, constructors, or blocks.

 They are created only when the method, constructor or


block is executed and destroyed as soon as the
execution of that block is completed.

 So the visibility of local variables is inside the block


only, they can’t be accessed outside the scope of that
block.
Important

 Access modifiers are NOT ALLOWED with local


variables.

 Local variables are created in STACK.

 Default value is NOT ASSIGNED to the local variables in


Java.
Instance Variables
• Variables which are declared in a class, but outside a
method, constructor or any block are known as instance
variables.

• They are created inside the object in heap.

• Each object has its own set of instance variables and


they can be accessed/modified separately using object
reference.
• Instance variables are created when an object is created
with the use of the 'new' keyword and destroyed when the
object is destroyed.

• Access modifiers can be used with instance variables.

• Instance variables have default values (Initialization is not


mandatory, JVM will take the default value)

• For numbers the default value is 0,


• for Booleans it is false
• and for object references it is NULL.
Class (Static) Variables
 Class variables are also known as static variables.

 Variable which are declared in a class, but outside a method,


constructor or a block and qualified with ‘static’ keyword are known
as class variables.

 Used when we don’t want to modify the value from object to object.

 Only one copy of each class variable is created, regardless of how


many objects are created from it.

 Static variables can be accessed by calling with the class name.


ClassName.VariableName
 Static variables are created with the start of execution of a
program and destroyed when the program terminates.

 Default values are same as instance variables.

 A public static final variable behaves as a CONSTANT in


Java.

 Static variables can be initialized using static block also.


Variable Initialization
Local variables must be initialized explicitly by the
programmer as the default values are not assigned to them
where as the instance variables and static variables are
assigned default values if they are not assigned values at the
time of declaration.
Data Types
• Data types represent the different values to
be stored in the variable.
• In Java, there are two types of data types:
1.Primitive data types
2.Non-primitive data types

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