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BM2 Chapter 7 Facility Layout

The document discusses facility layout types, emphasizing the importance of layout decisions in operational efficiency and cost. It covers various layout types such as product, process, and fixed position layouts, as well as service layouts for different environments. Additionally, it explains line balancing, cycle time calculations, and the theoretical minimum number of workstations needed for desired output rates.

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rex brondo
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5 views24 pages

BM2 Chapter 7 Facility Layout

The document discusses facility layout types, emphasizing the importance of layout decisions in operational efficiency and cost. It covers various layout types such as product, process, and fixed position layouts, as well as service layouts for different environments. Additionally, it explains line balancing, cycle time calculations, and the theoretical minimum number of workstations needed for desired output rates.

Uploaded by

rex brondo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FACILITY

LAYOUT
With Line Balancing
Computation

Chapter 7
Layout

The configuration of
departments, work
centers, and equipment,
with particular emphasis
on movement of work
(customers or materials)
through the system.
Importance of Layout Decisions:

Requires Involves long-term Has significant


substantial commitments. impact on cost and
investments of efficiency of short-
money and effort. term operations.
1. Inefficient operations
2. Changes in design of products
Common and services
3. The introduction of new
Reasons For
products and services
Redesign Of 4. Accidents and safety hazards
Layouts 5. Changes in environmental or
other legal requirements
6. Changes in volume of output or
mix of products
7. Changes in methods and
equipment
Basic Layout Types:

Product layout uses


standardized
processing operations
to achieve smooth,
rapid, high-volume flow.
Basic Layout Types:

Process layout can


handle varied
processing
requirements.
Basic Layout Types:

Fixed Position layout in


which the product or
project remains
stationary, and
workers, materials, and
equipment are moved
as needed.
SERVICE
L AYOUT
Service Layout

Warehouse and
Storage
Layouts
Service Layout

Retail Layouts
Service Layout

Office Layouts
Service Layout

Restaurant
Layouts
Service Layout

Hospital
Layouts
Line Balancing

The process of
assigning tasks to
workstations in such a
way that the
workstations have
approximately equal
time requirements.
Output Rate

= Operating time per day / Cycle time

Assume that the line will operate for


eight hours per day (480 minutes).
With a cycle time of 1.0-minute,
output would be:

480 minutes per day


_________________ = 480 units per day
Cycle Time

It is the maximum time allowed at each


workstation to complete its set of tasks on a
unit.

Cycle time = Operating time per day


_______________________
Desired output rate

Minimum cycle time – equal to the longest


task.
Task Immediate Task Time (in
Predecessor minutes)
a - 0.1
b a 1.0
c - 0.7
d b, c 0.5
e d 0.2
∑t = 2.5
Theoretical Minimum
Number of Stations (Nmin)

The number of workstations that


will be needed to function of both
the desired output rate and ability
to combine elemental tasks into
workstations.
Nmin = ∑t / Cycle Time
Where:
Nmin = Theoretical minimum
number of stations
Σt = Sum of task times
Suppose the desired rate of output is 480 units per day.
The required cycle time is 1.0 minute. Compute the Nmin.
Task Immediate Task Time (in
Predecessor minutes)
a - 0.1
b a 1.0
c - 0.7
d b, c 0.5
e d 0.2
∑t = 2.5
Nmin = ∑t / Cycle Time
= 2.5 minutes per unit / 1 minute per unit
per station
= 2.5 stations, ROUND UP TO 3 STATIONS
Precedence
Diagram

A diagram that
shows elemental
tasks and their
precedence
requirements.
Arrange the tasks shown into three workstations. Use a cycle
time of 1.0 minute.
Assign tasks in order of the greatest number of followers.

Workstation Eligible Assign (Task Revised Time Station Idle


Time) Remaining Time
1 a, c A (0.1) 0.9
c, b C (0.7) 0.2
0.2
2 b B (1.0) 0.0 0.0
3 d D (0.5) 0.5
e E (0.2) 0.3
0.3
Total Idle Time =
0.5
Balance Delay - Percentage of idle time of a
line.

Percentage of idle time = (Idle time per cycle/(Nactual × Cycle


time) x 100
= (.5/(3 x 1.0) x 100)
= 16.7%
Efficiency = 100 % − Percent idle time
= 100% − 16.7%
= 83.3%
Assuming an eight-hour workday, compute the cycle time needed to
obtain an output of 400 units per day.

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