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Rusting

Rusting is an oxidation reaction where iron reacts with oxygen and water to form rust, requiring moisture and air. Preventative measures include oiling, greasing, painting, and galvanizing, which involves coating iron with zinc to protect it. While rusting can lead to structural damage and decreased lifespan of metal objects, it can also have aesthetic and industrial applications.

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2 views

Rusting

Rusting is an oxidation reaction where iron reacts with oxygen and water to form rust, requiring moisture and air. Preventative measures include oiling, greasing, painting, and galvanizing, which involves coating iron with zinc to protect it. While rusting can lead to structural damage and decreased lifespan of metal objects, it can also have aesthetic and industrial applications.

Uploaded by

dhruvi0908patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RUSTING

RACHANA VARSANI
DHRUVI PATEL
JILNA PATEL
KHUSHI RANA
WHAT IS RUSTING?

• Rusting is an oxidation reaction in which iron which is grey


reacts with oxygen and water to form a brown compound
which we call rust.
• THE EQUATION OF RUSTING
• Iron + oxygen + water Hydrated iron (iii)
oxide
• 4Fe + 3O2 + 2XH2O 2Fe2O3.XH2O
CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR RUSTING

• Moisture - water
• Air - Oxygen
PREVENTING RUSTING

• There are several ways to prevent iron and steel rusting.


Some work because they stop oxygen or water reaching
the surface of the metal:
• oiling – for example, bicycle chains
• greasing – for example, nut and bolts
• painting – for example, car body panels
• coating with a thin layer of plastic
• Iron and steel objects may also be covered with a layer of
metal. Food cans are plated with a thin layer of tin.
GALVANIZING

• Galvanising is a method of rust prevention. The iron or steel


object is coated in a thin layer of zinc. This stops oxygen
and water reaching the metal underneath – but the zinc
also acts as a sacrificial metal. Zinc is more reactive than
iron, so it oxidises rather than the iron object.
• Magnesium and zinc are often used as sacrificial metal.
They are more reactive than iron and lose their electrons in
preference to iron. This prevents iron from losing its
electrons and becoming oxidised.
Determining percentage of oxygen in air

• We can obtain percentage of oxygen in air due to the


rusting of iron. To do this we set up the experiment as
shown below
How to calculate volume of oxygen:

Percentage of oxygen = volume of oxygen used


X 100
volume of air at start
EXAMPLE
Amina used the set up given to determine the percentage of oxygen in a sample of air.

The used the following steps:


o Measure the initial length of the column of air in the tube.
o Leave the apparatus for a week, approximately 1 week.
o Measure the final length of the column of air.

The table below shows Amina’s results.

The steps to determine the percentage of oxygen in the sample of air.


o We subtract final length from initial length and divide it by initial length and multiply
by 100
o (84-69)/84*100 = 17.85714286 17.86%
WHY THE PERCENTAGE OF OXYGEN MAY
BE LESS THAN 21%

We all know that the percentage of oxyen in air is 21%


however in the above experiment we got less than 21%.
There are several reasons that could contribute to this;
• The iron fillings in this case would be the limiting reactants so only a
certain amount of oxygen would be able to react with it.
Goodbye!

chemistree
Salt water and rust

• The corrosion process is sped up when you introduce salt water


to the formula. Salt water corrosion of metals happens faster
than freshwater because of the increase presence of dissolved
ions. These ions allow electrons to move faster on the metal,
speeding up the formation of rust.
• Problems of rusting
• Rusting causes iron to become flaky and weak, degrading its
strength, appearance and permeability. Rusted iron does not hold
the desirable properties of iron. The rusting of iron can lead to
damage to automobiles, railings, grills, and many other iron
structures.
Benefits of rusting
• Aesthetic Purposes: Controlled rusting, also known as intentional or
induced rusting, is sometimes used for aesthetic purposes in art,
architecture, and design. Weathering steel, for example, is prized for its
unique, rustic appearance and is often used in outdoor sculptures,
architectural facades, and landscaping features.
Protective Coating: In some cases, a thin layer of rust can actually act as
a protective coating for the underlying metal surface. This is particularly
true for certain types of steel, where the formation of a stable layer of
rust can help prevent further corrosion by acting as a barrier between the
metal and the surrounding environment.
Chemical Applications: Iron oxide, the main component of rust, has
various industrial applications. It is used as a pigment in paints, dyes, and
cosmetics, and iron oxide nanoparticles derived from rust have
applications in medicine (e.g., drug delivery systems, imaging agents)
and environmental remediation (e.g., wastewater treatment, pollution
control).
Problems of rusting
• Structural Damage: Rust weakens the structural integrity of
metal objects, such as bridges, buildings, and pipelines.
This can lead to collapses or failures, posing serious safety
hazards.
• Decreased Lifespan of Equipment: Rusting reduces the
lifespan of machinery and equipment, leading to increased
maintenance costs and premature replacement.
• Aesthetic Degradation: Rust stains and discolors surfaces,
making them appear unsightly. This can diminish the visual
appeal of structures, vehicles, and other metal objects.
• Impaired Functionality: Rust can interfere with the proper
functioning of mechanical parts, causing them to seize or
operate less efficiently. This can result in malfunctions or
breakdowns, affecting productivity and performance.
• Environmental Contamination: Rust particles can contaminate soil, water, and
air, posing environmental risks. This contamination may harm ecosystems
and wildlife, especially if toxic substances are involved.
• Health Risks: Ingesting or inhaling rust particles can be harmful to human
health, potentially causing respiratory issues or infections. Additionally, rusted
metal surfaces may pose physical injury risks due to sharp edges or
weakened structures.
• Financial Costs: Dealing with the consequences of rusting, such as repairs,
replacements, and environmental cleanup, can impose significant financial
burdens on individuals, businesses, and governments.
• Transportation Safety Risks: Rust can compromise the safety of vehicles and
transportation infrastructure, leading to accidents or failures that endanger
passengers and cargo.

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