DUMKA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

TOPIC – TRAFFIC CONGESTION- A CASE STUDY

OF DUMKA CITY
B.TECH FINAL YEAR PROJECT
REPORT (2021-2025)

Submitted
by:-
• RANI CHOUHAN
(21040430020)
• MANISHA MARANDI
(21040435019)
• SUNNY BESRA
(21040435041)
• MANOJ MARANDI UNDER THE
(21040435020) GUIDENCE OF
Mr. SOURAV KUMAR
• ALBERT MARANDI
(Assistant Professor)
(19040435005)
(Dept. Of Civil
• MALTOSH MURMU
Engineering)
CONTENT

 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVE
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 METHODOLOGY
 EXPECTED OUTCOME
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
 One of the most obvious, widespread, and urgent transportation issues that affects not only
India but the majority of cities worldwide on a daily basis is traffic congestion.
Congestion is mostly caused by a multitude of factors, including growing urbanization,
bad public transportation systems, unplanned or inadequate transportation infrastructure.
 The point at which road or intersection capacity equals traffic demand is referred to as
saturation .Traffic demand often grows over time, thus traffic congestion can occur simply
because the road or intersection capacity has not been designed for the actual traffic
demand especially during peak hours.
 As a result, there is a direct impact on traffic flow, with significant transportation demands
being particularly pronounced in Indian cities. Congestion and delays are prevalent issues
in major Indian cities. The level of congestion on a route can serve as an indicator of the
potential for air and noise pollution in that area.
OBJECTIVE
 The main goal of this study is to analyse traffic congestion in 2 major chowk i.e Tin
Bazar chowk and Tower chowk in which 2 junctions or road of more than 1km distance
from main chowk is taken from each chowk .
 To identify the reasons for traffic congestion in Dumka Bhagalpur Road and Dumka
Tin Bazar Road .
 To identify the reasons for traffic congestion in Dumka Jamtara Road and Dumka
Hansdiha Road
 To find the best solution to mitigate the congestion of studied area.
CAUSES OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN DUMKA
• Bad conditions of city roads.
• Potholes here and there on the city roads.
• Insufficient existing parking infrastructure in the city.
• Encroachment on footpaths that contributes to poor discipline in pedestrian who are
forced to walk on roads.
• Lack of strict traffic police system that can punish rule breakers on the roads.
• Sometimes ,frequent rallies ,marriage procession, political rallies also cause traffic
congestion
• Bad shape of roads and less width in the busiest part of city invites traffic congestion.
• Heavy vehicle transit into the city slow down the traffic and leads to traffic congestion.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Palubinks et al. 2008.
Presented an approach to estimate congestion on temporal data collected by
optical digital camera images. That approach is based on vehicle detection on the
road segment by change detection between two images with a short time interval.
Rao A. M. and Rao, K.R 2012.
This paper gives an overview and presents the possible ways to identify and measure
metrics for urban arterial congestion. A systematic review is carried out, based on
measurement metrics such as speed, travel time/delay and volume and level of service.
The review covers distinct aspects like definition; measurement criteria followed by
different countries/organizations. The strengths and weaknesses of these measures are
discussed.
Chakrabartty and Gupta (2014) Found that problems of congestion and accidents are
very difficult issues to deal with because of the small roads and tightly placed
intersections, along with the enormous surge in traffic. An appropriate traffic policy must
be drafted right away. It is necessary to raise awareness among Kolkatans, whether they
are pedestrians or drivers, using techniques like signal system improvement and driver
training, so that each person makes an effort to make the city a comfortable and safe
place to live.
Al Kafy (2018)
Showed the analysis of mixed traffic flow and the assessment of the level of Service in Rajshahi City,
Bangladesh. The study identified the dominant vehicles at major intersections and evaluated the LOS
using the PHF method and V/C ratio analysis. The findings demonstrated the unstable and poor LOS at
the Monicottor intersection, as well as the poor LOS at the Vodra intersection. Based on these findings,
recommendations were provided to address the issues and improve traffic flow in the studied areas.
Implementing measures such as truck movement restrictions, road widening, and effective traffic
management strategies could contribute to enhancing the overall Level of Service and facilitating
smoother traffic flow in Rajshahi City.
Nahar (2018) Highlighted the parking issues faced by Rajshahi City, particularly at major intersections, due to
the proliferation of slow-moving vehicles and on-street parking. The study's findings demonstrated the negative
impact of illegal parking on road congestion and the decline in the level of service. By analyzing parking locations,
modal share, and other related parameters, this study provided valuable insights into the parking scenario in
Rajshahi City.

Singh and Saraswat (2019) Conducted a traffic survey to analyze parameters such as
Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT), Design Service Volume, capacity, and LOS for the city
road networks. AADT was utilized to estimate LOS for future traffic conditions. Peak hour
traffic surveys provided data for AADT and LOS analysis. LOS values were converted into
percentiles to evaluate future LOS trends. The findings indicated that major traffic
operations exhibited similar LOS during morning and evening peak hours, indicating
consistent traffic movement patterns. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in
LOS over time, indicating a deteriorating traffic system that posed challenges for motorists
and pedestrians.
Kumar et al. (2020)
Examined the analysis of Level of Service (LOS) models for urban and rural roads. It highlighted the
significance of LOS as a measure of compatibility within a traffic stream and discussed various analytical
approaches employed by researchers globally. The review also introduced a new approach incorporating
(V/C) ratio, average vehicle speed, and percentage speed reduction for determining LOS. The paper
presented the findings of a project conducted in Bhimavaram town and two villages, assessing the LOS
grades in the selected areas. Remedial measures were proposed to improve traffic conditions and increase
LOS grades for better compatibility. The research contributed to the understanding of LOS assessment and
provided valuable insights for future transportation planning and management endeavours.

Afrin, T. and Yodo, N 2020.

This review paper aims to elaborate on the state of the art in road traffic congestion
measures as a building block towards the development of resilient and sustainable
transportation system. Based on the challenges mentioned above, the motivation and
objectives of this paper are as follows. (1) provide the state of the art of the currently
available traffic congestion measures; (2) evaluate the effectiveness and discrepancies of
the measures in monitoring traffic conditions; (3) analyze the merits and demerits of each
measure; and (4) identify some prospective future research directions in the greater
interest of mitigating traffic congestion towards the development of a sustainable and
resilient transportation management system
 METHODOLOGY
FLOW CHART

LOCATION SAMPLING

Data collection

Traffic Survey

Determinati Determinat Determinat

on of PCU ion of LOS ion of FFS

COMPILATION OF
RESULTS

Suggestive measures to reduce Traffic

Congestion
METHODOLOGY
The aim of the present study is quantifying the degree of congestion or determine the Roadway Congestion Index
(RCI). To calculate the RCI, the current level of service of the roads needs to be determined. The peak hour traffic
data has been collected through a traffic survey method. The specific road stretch with the highest traffic operations
has been identified for conducting the traffic survey. The traffic survey data from the peak hour has been converted
into Passenger Car Units (PCU) to ensure uniformity in the units. The V/C method has been employed to identify
the Level of Service (LOS) of the road. The Design Service Volume (DSV) for urban roads has already been
provided in the IRC guidelines. The LOS will be calculated using the DSV. By utilizing the determined Level of
Service (LOS), the Roadway Congestion Index (RCI) will be determined.
 TYPES OF EQUIVLENT LOS General Operating Range of
VEHICLES PCUS Condition V/C
<5% >10% A Free Flow <0.3

B Reasonable Flow 0.3-0.47

CYCLES 0.4 0.5
TWO WHEELERS 0.5 0.8 C Stable flow 0.48-0.68
AUTO RICKSHAW 1.2 2.0 D Approaching 0.69-0.88
CARS/VANS 1.0 1.0 Unstable Flow
LCV 1.4 2.0 E Unstable Flow 0.88-1.00
TRUCKS/BUS 2.2 3.7 F Forced and >1.00
MULTIAXLE 4.0 5.0 Breakdown Flow

CART 2.0 3.0 OPERATING CONDITION OF ROAD IN TERMS OF

Recommended PCU Factors for Different
Vehicle Types on Urban Roads(IRC 106, 1990). ROAD CAPACITY AS PER IRC 106:1990

SOURCE IRC
106:1990
 EXPECTED OUTCOMES
• The research includes the analysis of peak hour factors during Morning ,Afternoon and Evening hour. Utilising
Volume/Capacity (v/c) ratio and Level of services indicators which evaluates the extent of congestion across
study area road segments.
• Reduced Congestion and Improved Traffic Flow.
• Economic Benefits.
• Environmental Improvements.
• Enhanced Public Transportation Efficiency.
• Infrastructure Development.
• Safety and Health Benefits.
CONCLUSION
According to our findings, congestion can be reduced by a variety of strategies,
including enhancing public transportation, putting intelligent traffic management
technologies in place, promoting carpooling, and streamlining road networks. Long-
term relief can also be achieved by enacting stronger traffic laws and sustainable
practices like encouraging walking and bicycling.
In conclusion, while traffic congestion is a complex issue, a well-planned and
integrated approach involving government policies, technological advancements, and
public participation can significantly reduce its impact. For a more sustainable urban
environment and easier traffic flow , smart mobility solutions should be given top
prioritiy in future urban planning.
THANK
YOU : )