Smart Material
Uploaded by
Rashmi MaheshwariSmart Material
Uploaded by
Rashmi MaheshwariA
Faculty presentation on
Smart Materials
BY:
RASHMI R. MAHESHWARI
ASSTT. PROFESSOR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Content
Introduction to Smart Materials Thermoresponsive materials
Component of Smart Material Biomimetric material
Properties of smart materials QTC(Quantum tunnelling composite)
Classification of Smart material Merits & Demerits
Piezoelectric materials
Electro strictive Materials
Magneto strictive Material
Shape memory alloy
Electrorheological(ER) materials
Introduction to Smart Materials
Smart or intelligent materials are materials that have to respond
to stimuli and environmental changes
to activate their functions according to these changes
The stimuli like temperature, pressure, electric flow, magnetic
flow, light, mechanical force can originate internally or externally.
The change in the material can also be reversible, as a change in
stimulus can bring the material back to its previous state.
Materials which can think on their own & have
Mental alertness
quick perception
speedy activity
Effectiveness
spirited liveliness
intelligence
Smart structures or smart materials systems are those, which incorporate actuators and
sensors that integrate into structures and have structural functionality, as well as highly
integrated control logic, signal conditioning, and signal power amplification electronics.
Component of Smart Material
Smart materials can respond to a change & are
able to receive information(sensing the problem)
able to analyze & decide(processing the information)
able to act on the decision(actuating the process)
Three basic components of a smart system are
SENSOR
PROCESSOR
ACTUATOR
Data Acquisition (tactile sensing): The aim of this component is to collect the required raw data needed for an
appropriate sensing and monitoring of the structure. E.g. Fibre optic sensing.
Data Transmission (sensory nerves): The purpose of this part is to forward the raw data to the local and/or
central command and control units.
Command and Control Unit (brain): The role of this unit is to manage and control the whole system by
analyzing the data, reaching the appropriate conclusion, and determining
Data Instructions (motor nerves): The function of this part is to transmit the decisions and the associated
instructions back to the members of the structure.
Action Devices (muscles): The purpose of this part is to take action by triggering the controlling devices/ units.
Control
DATA TRANSMISSION DATA INSTRUCTIONS
Sensor Actuato
r
SMART STRUCTURE
Properties of smart materials
Sensing materials and devices
Actuation materials and devices
Control devices and techniques
Self-detection, self-diagnostic
Self-corrective, self-controlled, self-healing
Shock-absorbers, damage arrest
Classification of Smart material
Piezoelectric materials
Electrostrictive materials
Magnetostrictive material
Thermoresponsive materials
Electrorheological materials.
Biomimetric material
Shape memory alloy
Piezoelectric materials
Piezoelectric materials are a class of smart materials with reproducible and stable
electromechanical responses when subjected to electrical or mechanical stimuli.
There are different types of piezoelectric materials, including single crystals,
ceramics, and polymers, that are integrated into an increasing number of
applications, such as sensors and actuators, energy generation and storage,
biomedical, structural, and environmental applications etc. .
Application of piezoelectric material as
Smart Material
Electro strictive Materials
This material has the same properties as
piezoelectric material, but the mechanical
change is proportional to the square of the
electric field. This characteristic will always
produce displacements in the same direction.
Magneto strictive Material
Magneto-sensitive smart materials, also named as
magnetorheological (MR) materials, are a class of smart
composites prepared by dispersing nanometer- or micrometer-
sized ferromagnetic fillers into the different carrier matrix. As the
rheological properties can be controlled by an external magnetic
field rapidly, reversibly, and continuously. magneto-sensitive
smart materials have great application potential in construction,
automotive industry, artificial intelligence, etc. Such materials are
used in medical devices and industrial vibrators, ultrasonic
cleaning devices, underwater sonar, vibration or noise control
systems, and in many other applications.
Shape memory alloy
Shape memory alloys are a unique class of alloys that have ability to ‘remember’
their shape and are able to return to that shape even after being bent. At a low
temperature, a SMA can be seemingly plastically deformed, but this ‘plastic’ strain
can be recovered by increasing the temperature. This is called the shape
memory effect (SME). At high temperature, a large deformation can be recovered
simply by releasing the applied force.
Applications of Shape Memory Alloy
• wires and tubes in applications with hot fluids
flowing through them.
• coronary stent
• artificial joint implants, orthodontic braces
and orthopedic wire
• SMA coupling of hydraulic lines has
impressive application in fighter jets
Electrorheological(ER) materials
Electrorheological(ER) materials are
suspensions, which experience reversible
changes in rheological properties such as
viscosity, plasticity and elasticity when
subjected to electric fields.
Thermoresponsive materials
Thermoresponsive is the ability of a material
to change properties in response to changes
in temperature. They are useful in
thermostats and in parts of automotive and
air vehicles.
Biomimetric material
Biomimetic materials are materials developed
using inspiration from nature. This may be useful
in the design of composite materials. Natural
structures have inspired and innovated human
creations. Notable examples of these natural
structures include: honeycomb structure of the
beehive, strength of spider silks, bird flight
mechanics, and shark skin water repellency.
QTC(Quantum tunnelling composite)
Quantum tunnelling composites (QTCs)
are composite materials of metals and non-
conducting elastomeric binder, used
as pressure sensors. They use quantum
tunnelling: without pressure, the conductive
elements are too far apart to
conduct electricity; when pressure is applied,
they move closer and electrons can tunnel
through the insulator.
Merits & Demerits
Merits Demerits
• Bio-Compatible • More Expensive
• Simplicity • Low energy efficiency
• Compactness • Complex Control
• Safety Mechanism • Limited Bandwidth
• Good Mechanical
Property
Thank You
