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PROBSTAT_LESSON_2_1

The document explains the normal curve distribution, highlighting its bell-shaped nature and its role in inferential statistics. It introduces the concept of z-scores as a measure of relative standing, calculated by comparing a measurement to the mean in standard deviation units. The relationship between z-scores and areas under the normal curve is emphasized, allowing for the determination of probabilities associated with specific values.

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8 views9 pages

PROBSTAT_LESSON_2_1

The document explains the normal curve distribution, highlighting its bell-shaped nature and its role in inferential statistics. It introduces the concept of z-scores as a measure of relative standing, calculated by comparing a measurement to the mean in standard deviation units. The relationship between z-scores and areas under the normal curve is emphasized, allowing for the determination of probabilities associated with specific values.

Uploaded by

24100451
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNDERSTANDING THE

NORMAL CURVE
DISTRIBUTION AND THE Z-
SCORES
By: Mark Lyndon A. Borongan
The probability distribution for a
continuous random variable X is a bell-
shaped curve. The curve is a function of
the random variable X and is sometimes
called probability density function or
probability distribution. The probability
values under this curve enable us to
make probability statements about a
random variable. Hence, it is usually used
as a model in inferential statistics.
Z-score is stated to be a measure of relative standing. These scores represent distances
from the center measured in standard deviation units. There are six z-scores at the base
line of the normal curve: three z scores to the left of the mean and three z-scores to the
right of the mean.

• The z- score is a measure of relative standing. It is calculated by subtracting X– ( 𝑥̅ or


• The Table of Areas under the Normal Curve is also known as the z-Table.

μ) from the measurement X and then dividing the result by (s or σ).


• The final result, the z-score, represents the distance between a given measurement
X and the mean, expressed in standard deviations.
The areas under the normal curve are given in terms of z-values or scores. Either the z-
score locates X within a sample or within a population. The formula for calculating z is:

For any population, the mean and the standard deviation are fixed. Thus, the z formula
matches the z-values one-to-one with the X values (raw scores). That is, for every X
value there corresponds a z-value and for each z-value there is exactly one X value. The
z values are matched with specific areas under the normal curve in a normal
distribution table. Therefore, to find the percentage associated with X, we must find its
matched z-value using the z-formula. The z-value leads to the area under the curve
found in the normal curve table, which is a probability, and that probability gives the
desired percentage for X.
With respect to the mean, the score 74 is below the population mean. We can also say that
the score is below average.
END

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