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Chapter 2.1 Normal Distribution.

The document provides an overview of the normal distribution, highlighting its significance in statistics and behavioral sciences. It outlines key properties of the normal distribution, including its bell-shaped curve, symmetry, and the empirical rule regarding standard deviations. Additionally, it includes activities and examples to illustrate the concepts related to normal distribution and probability calculations.

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kenrichcuyugan
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3 views

Chapter 2.1 Normal Distribution.

The document provides an overview of the normal distribution, highlighting its significance in statistics and behavioral sciences. It outlines key properties of the normal distribution, including its bell-shaped curve, symmetry, and the empirical rule regarding standard deviations. Additionally, it includes activities and examples to illustrate the concepts related to normal distribution and probability calculations.

Uploaded by

kenrichcuyugan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 2:

The Normal Distribution


Overview
The normal distribution is just one of the
distributions to be discussed in this course.
It is also considered as the most important
distribution in Statistics because it fits
many real-life situations. The normal curve
is the most important distribution in
behavioral sciences. This lesson will bring
us a deeper understanding of the normal
distribution and its characteristics.
Pre-test
Directions: Anticipation-Reaction Guide. Tell whether
you AGREE or DISGAREE on the following statements
below. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. The normal curve of the distribution is bell-shaped.


2. In a normal distribution, the mean, median and
mode are of equal values.
3. The normal curve gradually gets closer and closer to
0 on one side.
4. The normal curve is symmetrical about the mean.
5. The distance between the two inflection points of the
normal curve is equal to the value of the mean.
Activity
Consider the random event of tossing four coins
once, then follow these steps:

1. List all the possible outcomes using the tree


diagram.
2. Determine the sample space.
3. Determine the possible values of the random
variables.
4. Assign probability values P(X) to each of the
random variable.
5. Construct a probability histogram to describe the
Guide Questions
1. How many possible outcomes are
there?
2. What composes the sample
space?
3. How will you describe the
histogram?
Properties of a Graph of a Normal
Distribution
1. The graph is a continuous
curve and has a domain -∞ < X <
∞.
• This means that X may increase
or decrease without bound.
Properties of a Graph of a Normal
Distribution
2. The graph is asymptotic to the x-
axis. The value of the variable gets
closer and closer but will never be
equal to 0.
• As the x gets larger and larger in the
positive direction, the tail of the curve
approaches but will never touch the
horizontal axis. The same thing when the x
Properties of a Graph of a Normal
Distribution
3. The highest point on the curve occurs at x
= µ (mean).
• The mean (µ) indicates the highest peak of
the curve and is found at the center.
• Take note that the mean is denoted by this
symbol µ and the standard deviation is denoted by
this symbol σ.
• The median and mode of the distribution are
also found at the center of the graph. This indicates
that in a normal distribution, the mean, median and
Properties of a Graph of a Normal
Distribution
4. The curve is
symmetrical about the
mean.
• This means that the
curve will have balanced
proportions when cut in
halves and the area under the
curve to the right of mean
(50%) is equal to the area
under the curve to the left of
Properties of a Graph of a Normal
Distribution
5. The total area in the normal
distribution under the curve is
equal to 1.
• Since the mean divides the
curve into halves, 50% of the area is
to the right and 50% to its left having
a total of 100% or 1.
Properties of a Graph of a Normal
Distribution
6. In general, the graph of a
normal distribution is a bell-
shaped curve with two inflection
points, one on the left and another
on the right. Inflection points are
the points that mark the change in
the curve’s concavity.
• Inflection point is the point at
which a change in the direction of curve
at mean minus standard deviation and
mean plus standard deviation.
• Note that each inflection point of
the normal curve is one standard
Properties of a Graph of a Normal
Distribution
7. Every normal curve
corresponds to the
“empirical rule” (also
called the 68 - 95 -
99.7% rule):
• about 68.3% of the
area under the curve
falls within 1 standard
deviation of the mean
Properties of a Graph of a Normal
Distribution
7. Every normal curve
corresponds to the
“empirical rule” (also
called the 68 - 95 -
99.7% rule):
• about 95.4% of the
area under the curve
falls within 2 standard
deviations of the mean
Properties of a Graph of a Normal
Distribution
7. Every normal curve
corresponds to the
“empirical rule” (also
called the 68 - 95 -
99.7% rule):
• about 99.7% of the
area under the curve
falls within 3 standard
deviations of the mean.
Properties of a Graph of a Normal
Distribution
Example
1. Suppose the
mean is 60 and
the standard
deviation is 5,
sketch a normal
curve for the
distribution.
Example
2. A continuous
random variable X is
a. P (39 < X < 51) =
normally distributed
68.3%
with a mean of 45
and standard
deviation of 6.
Illustrate a normal
curve and find the
probability of the
Example
2. A continuous
random variable X is
b. P (33 < X < 63) =
normally distributed
97.55%
with a mean of 45
and standard
deviation of 6.
Illustrate a normal
curve and find the
probability of the
Example
2. A continuous
random variable X is c. P (X > 45) = 50%
normally distributed
with a mean of 45
and standard
deviation of 6.
Illustrate a normal
curve and find the
probability of the
Example
2. A continuous
random variable X is d. P (X < 39) =
normally distributed 15.85%
with a mean of 45
and standard
deviation of 6.
Illustrate a normal
curve and find the
probability of the
Activity
Direction: Complete the given diagram below by
filling up the necessary details about normal
distribution.
List 5 properties of normal
distribution

NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
State the Construct a
empirical rule. normal curve.

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