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Pradeep Shw

The document presents a technical presentation on Euclid's Algorithm for finding the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of two integers, detailing its definition, methodology, and examples. It highlights the efficiency of Euclid's Algorithm compared to traditional prime factorization, emphasizing its relevance in modern applications like cryptography and computer science. The presentation is prepared by Pradeep Shaw for a Discrete Mathematics course at the Government College of Engineering and Textile Technology, Serampore.

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7 views10 pages

Pradeep Shw

The document presents a technical presentation on Euclid's Algorithm for finding the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of two integers, detailing its definition, methodology, and examples. It highlights the efficiency of Euclid's Algorithm compared to traditional prime factorization, emphasizing its relevance in modern applications like cryptography and computer science. The presentation is prepared by Pradeep Shaw for a Discrete Mathematics course at the Government College of Engineering and Textile Technology, Serampore.

Uploaded by

pradeepshaw276
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND

TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY,SERAMPORE
• NAME OF THE TOPIC :- Euclid’s Algorithm
• Continuous Assessment 1 (CA1): Technical Presentation
• NAME:- PRADEEP SHAW
• UNIVERSITY ROLL NO.: 11000223022
• REGISTRATION NO: 231100110112
• STREAM :- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• SUBJECT NAME:-Discrete Mathematics
• SUBJECT CODE: PCC-CS401
• ACADEMIC YEAR :- 2024-25
• RESPONSIBLE TEACHER:- SUMAN CHATTARJEE
CONCEPT OF GCD OF TWO NUMBERS
The Greatest Common Divisor(GCD) of two integers is defined as
follows:
An integer c is called the GCD(a,b) (read as the greatest
common divisor of integers a and b) if the following 2
conditions hold:
1) c | a & c | b
2) For any common divisor d of a and b, d | c.
Note :- Ensures that the divisor c is the greatest of all the
common divisors of a and b.
TO FIND GCD OF TWO NUMBERS
• To find DCD of two integers a &b i.e, GCD(a,b) , one way is that we
could prime factorize each integer, and from the prime
factorization, see which factors are common between the two
integers.

• Example :-
12 = 2×2×3 & 28 = 2×2×7
So , GCD(28,12) = 2×2 = 4.

However, this method become very time consuming as soon as the


integers are relatively large.
Euclid’s Algorithm to find GCD of two integers
• Euclid devised a fairly simple and efficient algorithm to determine the
GCD of two integers. The algorithm basically makes use of the division
algorithm repeatedly.
Let’s say you are trying to find the GCD(a,b), where a and b are integers
with a > 0 , b > 0
• Euclid’s algorithm says to write out the following:
a = q 1b + r1, where 0 < r < b
b = q 2 r1 + r 2 , where 0 < r2 < r1
r1 = q 3 r2 + r 3 , where 0 < r3 < r2
ri = qi+2ri+1+ ri+2, where 0 < ri+2 < ri+1

rk-1 = qk+1rk .

Then , Euclid’s algorithm says that the GCD(a,b) = r k


Let me take an example to explain well
• Consider computing GCD(125, 87)
• 125 = 1×87 + 38
» 87 = 2×38 + 11
» 38 = 3×11 + 5
» 11 = 2×5 + 1
» 5 = 5×1
Thus, we find that GCD(125,87) = 1.
Example no. 2
• Let’s look one more example , GCD(125, 20)
125 = 6*20 + 5
20 = 4*5,
Thus, the GCD(125,20) = 5.
Example no. 3
• Let’s find the GCD(980,78)

980 = 78 × 12 + 44
78 = 44 × 1 + 34
44 = 34 × 1 + 10
34 = 10 × 3 + 4
10 = 4 × 2 + 2
4=2×2+0
We can conclude that the GCD of 980 and 78 is 2.
Conclusion
• Euclid’s algorithm is a highly efficient and fundamental method
for computing the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of large
integers. Its recursive and iterative approaches ensure fast
computations, even for very large numbers, making it widely
used in modern applications such as cryptography, number
theory, and computer science. The algorithm's simplicity and
effectiveness highlight the power of mathematical reasoning in
problem-solving, demonstrating how ancient mathematical
principles continue to play a crucial role in contemporary
computational techniques.
References
• I made this PPT using
1 . Class notes (Taught by Suman Chatterjee Sir)
2. https://www.scribd.com/document/82275860/Euclid
3. Discrete Mathematics vol-4 (Author:- Pal & Das ).

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