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Syllogism concept

Syllogism involves the logical relationship between elements through statements and conclusions, categorized into types based on their positivity or negativity. Key keywords include 'All', 'Some', 'No', and 'Some not', which define the nature of the statements and conclusions. The document also discusses concepts such as the 'Either Or' concept, complementary pairs, and the implications of conditional words in syllogistic reasoning.

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8 views17 pages

Syllogism concept

Syllogism involves the logical relationship between elements through statements and conclusions, categorized into types based on their positivity or negativity. Key keywords include 'All', 'Some', 'No', and 'Some not', which define the nature of the statements and conclusions. The document also discusses concepts such as the 'Either Or' concept, complementary pairs, and the implications of conditional words in syllogistic reasoning.

Uploaded by

amishkumar819
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SYLLOGISM

(Concept)
INTRODUCTION

Syllogism is “Discussion of relation of elements”


Statement is “Gives us the information of relatives between
elements.”
“ It use to be illogical but we will have to accept it as
UNIVERSAL TRUTH”
Conclusion is “Tell us about the HIDDEN RELATION of the
statement”
MAIN KEYWORDS

All (Positive sentences) => All A are B


Some (Positive sentences) => Some A are
B
No (Negative sentences) => No A are B
Some not (Negative sentences) => Some A are
not B
STATEMEN T TYPE
Type 1 :- all books are pen

Type 2 :- no books is pen

Type 3 :- some books are pen

Type 4 :- some books are not pen


CONCLUSION TYPE

Type 1:- all books are pen


Type 2:- no books are pen
Type 3:- some books are pen
Type 4:- some books are not pen
Type 5:- all books are pen is a possibility
Type 6:- all books are not pen is a possibility
Type 7:- at least some books are pen
SECONDARY KEYWORDS
SOME :- Few, A few, At least some, Almost all,
Maximum, Minimum,
Many, Most of, Mostly, Many, More,
Generally, 0.1% - 99%
ALL :- Each, Every, Any, Only (Condition)
100%, No Keywords
SOME NOT :- Hardly, Sacrcely, Seldom
NO:- None, Never, All Not, No One, 0%
SUBJECT - PREDICATE
Term near to the basic word – Subject
Term far from the basic word – Predicate

Example:-
Some A are B --- here, A is Subject & B is
predicate
All P are Q --- here, P is subject & Q is
CONCEPTS
1. Whenever there is ‘ No Relation ‘ between
any two element according to venn diagram,
then all type of definite conclusion will be
treated wrong (can’t say) whereas all type of
possible conclusion between the same will be
treated true.
2. Whenever we will be required to draw a true
conclusion regarding the blank space of any
venn – diagram , we will have to use the word
possibility otherwise the conclusion would be
treated wrong
Statement :-
Some A are B
Some B are C
.
All C are D
Conclusion :-
1. Some A are C.
2. Some B are not C
3. No A are D
4. Some D are A
5. All C are A
6. Some A are D is a possibility
7. No B is D is a possibility.
8. All C are A is a possibility
9. No D is A is a possibility
Statement :-
Some A are B
Some B are C
All C are D
Conclusion :-
1. Some A are C. (F)
2. Some B are not C. (F)
3. No A are D. (F)
4. Some D are A. (F)
5. All C are A. (F)
6. Some A are D is a possibility. (T)
7. No B is D is a possibility. (F)
8. All C are A is a possibility. (T)
9. No D is A is a possibility. (T)
EITHER OR CONCEPT
1. Both the element (subject & predicate) of given conclusion
must be same.
2. One conclusion should be positive whereas another must
be negative.
3. Both the conclusion must be wrong (can’t say) individually.
COMPLEMENTARY PAIRS
(POSSITVE AND NEGATIVE
PAIRS)
1) i. Some A are not B.
ii. All A are B.
2) i. Some A are B.
ii. Some A are not B.
3) i. Some A are B.
ii. No A are B.
Exception : i. All A are B
ii. No A are B
CONCEPT OF ONLY
(CONDITIONAL WORDS)
Statement:- Only A are B
All B are A.
( Reverse it as all. Draw a Venn
diagram as this.)

Note
Here the element ‘B’ can never make relation
CONCEPT OF ONLY A FEW
(CONDITIONAL WORDS)
Statement :- Only a few A are B
Note:
It gives a sense of -
Some A are B WITH Some A are not B.

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