Date:

October 1, 2024

ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVES AND THE
ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM
Presented by: ROLDAN V. REDOBLE, RN,LPT, MAST-Bio
Science Master Teacher I
 Learning Objectives:

Students are expected to:

∙ Engage into a guided and
independent learning activities at
their own pace and time.
∙ Acquire the needed 21st century skills
while taking into consideration of their
needs and circumstances.
 Specific Learning Objectives:

❑ Define and analyze Electromagnetic Spectrum.

❑ Demonstrate and apply the different
electromagnetic waves.
❑ Adopt new environment of learning in the real-
life situations.
Electromagnetic Radiation
▪ Electromagnetic waves perpendicular
waves combing the electric and
magnetic fields.

▪ Electromagnetic waves are produced

when an electric charge vibrates or
accelerates and can travel through empty
space or through matter.
Electromagnetic Spectrum

◻ Gamma rays Highest frequency

Shortest wavelength
◻ X – rays
◻ Ultraviolet
◻ Visible light
◻ Infra-red
◻ Microwaves
◻ Radio waves Lowest frequency
Longest wavelength
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Diagram
◻ Diagram of Electromagnetic Spectrum
(including the relationship between
frequency and wavelength).
 Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

◻ All electromagnetic waves travel at 3.0 x 10 8

m/s in a vacuum.
◻ Speed of a wave formula:
Speed = Frequency x Wavelength
■As the frequency increases, the
wavelength decreases.\
Electromagnetic Spectrum
◻ Includes the following types of waves
Radio
Microwaves
Radar
Infrared
Visible Light
Ultraviolet
X-Rays
Gamma Rays
Electromagnetic Spectrum

◻ ………………………………………………
 Hence this is the complete EM wave spectrum (the waves below
🡪 ascending order of wavelength;
in
🡪descending order of frequency
)
Gamma x-rays Ultra-violet Visible Infra- Microwave Radio wave
rays ray light red ray

Highest f
Lowest f
Shortest λ Longest λ
Overview of EM waves
Waves

Longitudinal Waves Transverse Waves

Sound waves
Electromagnetic Waves

Classified into
Properties
Comprises of
Electromagnetic Spectrum

Radiowave Infra-Red Ultra-Violet Gamma ray

Microwave Light X-ray

 Gamma rays
Gamma rays have the shortest
wavelengths and highest
frequencies in the EM spectrum.
It is generated by :
Changes in energy levels in the
nucleus

Some radioactive substances and certain

nuclear reactions produce gamma rays.

Because of their great

ability, penetrating
illness.
gamma However
rays when
can used in controlled
cause serious
conditions, gamma rays is useful in cancer
treatment.
 Uses of Gamma Rays

◻ Kill cancer cells

◻ Study the nucleus
in atoms
Gamma Rays
◻ Gamma rays are the highest
energy electromagnetic
wave.
◻ They usually come from
radioactive elements or
stars
Uses include:
■Killing cancer cells
■Making pictures of the brain
■Inspection tools in industry
 X-rays

X rays is generated by :
a) Rapid deleceration of fast
moving electrons
b) Changes in energy of innermost orbital
electrons

X-rays are used for :

• diagnostic tool in dentistry and medicine.
Doctors and dentists can examine the
condition of a person’s bones, the root of
this teeth or the state of other inner part
of the body.
• Custom officers at airports inspect the
content of your luggage using X-rays.
• Industry wise, it is used to find cracks
in structures just like cracks in bones.
X-Rays
◻ X-Rays have high energy and can
penetrate some material.
Used in:
■Medicine
■Industry
■Transportation

◻Too much exposure can damage

living tissue or even cause
cancer.
X - Rays
◻ X-Ray radiation has a high
…………………….. ability and
can pass right through our
bodies.
◻ X-rays film forms images
depending on the
………………….. of the X-rays
falling on it.
◻ The ……………….. left by things
that the X-rays can't travel
through (like bones or metal)
form the …………… on medical
X-rays.
 Uses of X-rays

◻ Take ‘pictures’ of
bones in the
body
◻ Study the crystal
structure of crystalline
substances
◻ Check for cracks in
metal plates
 Ultraviolet Waves
◻ UV Light that is at a higher frequency
and energy than violet light.
◻ UV light can kill micro-organisms.
◻ Too much exposure can cause:
Sunburn, Wrinkles, and skin cancer
As it damages cell DNA
 Ultra-violet
The main source of ultra-violet radiation is sunlight and it is this
radiation which gives rise to suntan and also sunburn.
Ultra-violet radiation is used in hospitals to sterilize the surgical
instruments and operating theatres as it kills bacteria and viruses.
UV can be detected by:
a) Photographic plates
b) Photoelectric cell
c) Fluorescence
 Uses of Ultraviolet

◻ Detect counterfeit
notes
◻ Gives the clothes
a ‘glow’ effect in
discotheques
◻ Sun-tanning
◻ Sterilise medical
equipment
Visible Light
◻ Visible light is made up of the various .....................
of colored light.
◻ The ……… is determined by the frequency of the light.
◻ When electromagnetic radiation of this frequency falls
on our ……………. our brain interprets it as colour.
 Visible Light
Visible light is the part of the EM
spectrum which can be detected by
the human eye.

The visible light has its own spectrum

which consist of the 7 colours of light :
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue
Indigo Violet

An example of visible light is the

colourful laser light or the light from
a firework.

Some of the uses of light is

in optical fibres in medicine
and telecommunications.
 Visible Light
◻ Our eyes detect
electromagnetic energy in a
small portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum
called the visible light
region.

◻ The visible light region

corresponds the
wavelengths and
frequencies of
 Uses of Visible Light

◻ Enable us
to see
things
◻ Photosynthe
sis in plants
 Infra-red waves
Heat can be transferred through
infrared radiation.
We often think of infra red as being the same
thing as 'heat', because it makes our skin
feel warm.

Most of you might have seen infra-red waves in use

during the SARS period. (picture on the top right hand
corner). It shows a thermo-detector which is placed
outside hospitals/airport to identify the warm and
cool parts of a person by analyzing infra-red radiation
emitted from the person’s body. And through this we
can see if someone is having a fever.

Infra red is useful for:

-For navigation through fog & haze as it is less
easily scattered compared to visible light
-Medical treatment : to warm injured muscles/sports
injuries
 Uses of Infra-red

◻ Heating
◻ Haze
photography
Infrared image of a human body. Red is hot, blue is cool.
 Infrared Waves
◻ Infrared waves are heat waves.
◻ All objects emit infrared waves because all
objects possess heat.
◻ Night vision goggles detect infrared waves and
allow the user to see the movement of objects in
the dark.
◻ Many TV remotes use infrared.
 Microwaves
One of their most common uses is in
microwave ovens. When you switch on
a microwave oven , it gives off
electromagnetic waves that bounce
around inside the oven, penetrating
the food. Water molecules in the food
absorb the energy from the
microwaves, causing the food to get
hot.

Other uses of microwaves:

a) Radar communication (as it is not
easily blocked of by buildings/trees)
b) Analysis of fine details of molecular
and atomic structure
c) Useful demonstration of all
wave properties on
macroscopic scale
 Uses of Microwaves

◻ Radar
communication
◻ Analysis of the
molecular and
atomic structure
◻ Telephone
communications
 Radio waves
Radio waves are the electromagnetic
waves with the longest wavelengths and
lowest frequencies

Like all electromagnetic waves, radio

waves can travel through a vacuum.
However most of the radio waves we
receive have traveled through air. Take
the radio as an example. The radio
converts the electromagnetic waves into
the sound that comes out of the radio
speakers.

Uses of radio waves:

a) Radio and television communication
(to transmit sound and picture
information over long distance)
b) Radar & satellite communication
c) Navigation or ships & aircrafts
 Uses of Radio Waves

◻ Radar
communications
◻ TV and radio

broadcasting
Radio Waves
◻ Radio waves have the
…………………
wavelengths in the
electromagnetic spectrum.
◻ These waves can be
longer than a
………………. or as short
as a …………….
◻ Radio waves do more
than just bring music to
your radio.
◻ They also carry ………….
for your ………………
 References:

SCIENCE Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode:

Quarter 2- Module 2: Applications of EM Waves First Edition, 2020
• Acosta, H. D. (2015). Unit 2: Force, Motion, and Energy. In Science 10 LM. REX
Book Store, Inc.
• Bailey, C. (2017, September 18). It’s Not all Visible: A lesson about the
electromagnetic spectrum.
• Basic Education Assistance for Mindanao. (2008, October). Electromagnetic
Waves - Our World Of Waves.
• Darvill, C. (n.d.). The Electromagnetic Spectrum. Retrieved June 2020, from
http://www.darvill.clara.net/ajdhome.htm
 Quarter 2 Module 2- Applications of EM Waves

Open your module on page 23-25 answer Multiple Choice:

Assessment 1-15.
 Assignment:

1.How can moving a car up or back a few meters make a

difference to radio reception?
2. Arrange the following in order of increasing energy: Visible
radiation, Gamma Rays, X-Rays, Radio waves.
3. Radiation theory starts with the fundamental law that.
4. What is Kirchhoff's Law?
5. Name the 3 main spectral regions and wavelengths that
satellite radiometers report data from.
6. Radiant Energy is conserved when it passes through the
atmosphere, but it can change form. What are the three
main physical processes that take place when radiant
energy interacts with an object:
◻ THANK YOU ……..