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Lecture 5. Scripts

The document discusses the concept of scripts, developed by Roger Schank in the late 1970s, which are knowledge representation structures used to understand typical scenarios in daily activities, such as dining in a restaurant. It outlines the components of scripts, including entry conditions, results, props, roles, scenes, and tracks, and provides an example of a food market script detailing the actions and outcomes involved. Scripts help organize background knowledge necessary for understanding conversations and events.

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2 views

Lecture 5. Scripts

The document discusses the concept of scripts, developed by Roger Schank in the late 1970s, which are knowledge representation structures used to understand typical scenarios in daily activities, such as dining in a restaurant. It outlines the components of scripts, including entry conditions, results, props, roles, scenes, and tracks, and provides an example of a food market script detailing the actions and outcomes involved. Scripts help organize background knowledge necessary for understanding conversations and events.

Uploaded by

aishsharma2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-3

Natural Language Understanding


Scripts
Scripts
• Developed by Roger Schank, late 1970s
• We need large amounts of background knowledge to
understand even the simplest conversation
– “Sue went out to lunch. She sat at a table and called a
waitress, who brought her a menu. She ordered a
sandwich.”
– questions:
 why did the waitress bring a menu to Sue?
 who was the “she” who ordered a sandwich?
 who paid?
• Claim: people organize background knowledge
into structures that correspond to typical situations
(scripts)
• Script: A typical scenario of what happens in…
– a restaurant
– a soccer game
Scripts
• A script is a knowledge representation structure that is
extensively used for describing stereo type sequences of
action.
• It is special case of frame structure.
• It represent events that takes place in day – to – day activities.
• Script do have slots and with each slots, we associate info
about the slot.
Components of scripts
1. Entry conditions
– Preconditions:
 facts that must be true to call the script
– Eg.: an open restaurant, a hungry customer that has some
money
2. Results
– Postconditions:
 facts that will be true after the script has terminated
– Eg.: customer is full and has less money; restaurant owner
has more money
Components of scripts
3. Props
– Typical things that support the content of the script
– Eg.: waiters, tables, menus
4. Roles
– Actions that participants perform
– Represented using conceptual
– dependency
Eg.: waiter takes orders, delivers food,
5. Scenes
– A presents billaspect of the script
temporal
– Eg.: entering the restaurant, ordering, eating, …
6. Track
– represents a specific instance of a generic pattern.
– Restaurant is a specific instance of a hotel. This
slot permits one to inherit the characteristics of the
generic node.
Food Market Example
i. SCRIPT-NAME : food market
ii. TRACK : supermarket
iii. PROPS : shoping cart
market items
checkout statnds
cashier
money
iv. ROLES : shopper
daily attendant
food
attendant
checkout clerk
v. ENTRY other
CONDITION : shopper
shoppersneeds food market
vi. RESULTS: open
Food Market Example...
• Scene1 : Enter Market
Shopper PTRANS Shopper into market
Shopper PTRANS Shopping –cart to
• Scene2 shopper
: Shop for Items
Shopper MOVE shopper through aisles
Shopper ATTEND eyes to display items
• Scene3 Shopper PTRANS items to shopping
cart
:Check out
Shopper MOVE shopper to checkout
stand Shopper WAIT shopper turn
Shopper ATTEND eyes to charges
• Scene4 Shopper ATRANS money to cashier
Sacker ATRANS bags to shopper
: Exit Market
Shopper PTRANS shopper to
Food Market Example...
• Results : Shopper has less money
Shopper has grocery items
Market has less grocery items
Market has more money
Example of a script
Example of a script
Example of a script
Thank You

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