SEMI -

ADJUSTABLE
ARTICULATORS

Presented by- Dr. Supriya Singh

Pg IInd Year
Dept. Of Prosthodontics, Crown & Bridge and
Implantology
 CONTENTS
• Articulator
• Classification
• Semi-adjustable articulator
• Hanau wide vue articulator
• BIO-Art articulator
• Conclusion
• References
 ARTICULATOR
• A mechanical instrument that represents the
temporomandibular joints and jaws, to which maxillary and
mandibular casts may be attached to simulate some or all
mandibular movements.
- GPT 9
CLASSIFICATIONS
Gillisi (1926), Boucher2 (1934), Kingery (1934)
divided articulators into two classes..

Basically, they were;

• nonadjustable
• and adjustable
Weinberg (1963) adopted another
classification:
• Arbitrary,
• Positional,
• Semi-adjustable &
• Fully adjustable

HEARTWELL , PG NO.-
53
• Posselt’s (1968) classification was :-
- Plain line,
- Mean value
- and Adjustable.

• Thomas(1973) divided articulators into :-

- Arbitrary,
- Positional and
- Functional.
At the International Prosthodontic Workshop on Complete
Denture Occlusion at the University of Michigan in 1972, an
articulator classification was developed based on the
instrument’s function.
• Class I
• Class II
• Class III
• Class IV

WINKLER PG
NO, 143
 Simple holding
instruments
capable of
accepting
single static
registration.

Class I
Only vertical
motion is
acceptable.

e.g.Slab
articulator,
hinge,
barndoor
Class II Instruments that permit horizontal as well as vertical
motion but do not orient the motion to the temporomandibular
joint via a face-bow transfer.
Class II A- eccentric motion
based on averages values.

Class II B- eccentric motion based

on arbitrary theories of motion

Class II C-
eccentric motion
based on engraved
records obtained
from the patient
• Class III Instruments that simulate condylar pathways by
using average or mechanical equivalents for all or part of
the motion. These instruments allow for joint orientation of
the casts via a face-bow transfer.
e.g. Hanau
Wide-Vue,
Class III A-accepts
Dentatus,
a facebow transfer
Bergstrom
and protrusive
articulator.
interocclusal record.

e.g. Gysi’s
Class III B- accepts
Trubyte,
both protrusive
Hanau Kinoscope,
interocclusal records
Whipmix,
and some lateral
Neys articulator,
interocclusal records.
Denar mark II,
Stansberry tripod
 Class IV A-
accepts three
dimensional
e.g T.M.J dynamic
articulator registrations
. and utilize a
facebow
Class IV – transfer. The
condylar
pathways
engraved by
accept three dimensional
the patient.
dynamic registration and they
This path can
allow point orientation of the
Class IV B- accepts not be
cast using face bow transfer.
three dimensional modified.
dynamic
e.g.Denar, registrations and
Simulator, utilize a facebow
Gnathoscope, transfer. The
Stuart. condylar pathways
can be selectively
angled and
customized.
• Class IV Instruments that will accept three- dimensional
dynamic registrations. These instruments allow for joint
orientation of casts via a face-bow transfer.

- A. The cams representing the condylar paths are formed by

registrations engraved by the patient. These instruments do
not allow for discriminating capability.
- B. Instruments that have condylar paths that can be angled
and customized either by selection from a variety of
curvatures, by modification, or both
According To Boucher
Bonwill’s
equilateral
theory
articulators
Hall’s Conical
Theory
Articulators
Monsoon’s
Spherical
Theory
Articulators
 THE BONWILL’S THEORY OF
OCCLUSSION
It was designed by W.G.A. Bonwill (1858).

It is known as the theory of the equilateral triangle in which there

was a 4 inch (10cm) distance between condyle and between each
condyle and the incisal point.
THE CONICAL THEORY OF
OCCLUSSION
This proposed that the lower teeth move over the
surfaces of the upper teeth as over the surface of cone,
generating angle of 450 and with the central axis of cone
tipped at 450 angle to the occlusal plane.

eg. Hall’s Experimental Conical Theory Type.

 THE SPHERICAL THEORY OF
OCCLUSSION
Proposed by G.S. MONSON in 1918.
e.g. maxillo mandibular instrument.

It proposes that the lower teeth moves over the surface of

the upper teeth as over the surface of sphere with a
diameter of 8 inches (20cm).

The center of the sphere is located in the region of the

glabella, and the surface of the sphere passes through the
glenoid fossae along the articular eminences or concentric
with them.
 Sharry (1974) also used four
classes:
• Simple,
• Hinge type,
• Fixed guide type and
• Adjustable.
• Class I These are instruments that receive and reproduce
stereograms (pantograms). These articulators can be adjusted to
permit individual condylar movement in each of the three planes.
They are capable of reproducing the timing of the side shift of the
orbiting (balancing) side and its direction on the rotating (working)
side. The timing of the movement is as critical as other aspects of
condylar movement and is the reason this class of articulators has
been called four dimensional instruments. These instruments have
variations in design, but all are capable of being set to repro duce
tooth movement along border pathways in three planes
• Class I
- McCollum Gnathoscope
- Granger Gnathoscope
- Hanau Kinescope
- Cosmax
- Aderer Simulator
- Ney Articulator
- Stuart Gnathologic Computer
- TMJ Sterographic
- Denar D5A
• Class II Instruments that will not receive stereograms. Some of the
instruments have fixed controls. Others are adjustable, but usually
in no more than two planes. Most are set to anatomical averages
or with some type of positional records. Several types of mini-
recording devices and pre-molded fossae have become available in
recent years and are becoming popular. A close approximation of
condylar movement patterns can be determined quickly and the
information permits better adjustment to the condylar controls or
the selection of a guidance fossa (analog) that will closely match
the condylar element movement gained from stereograms.
• Type 1. (Hinge). This type is capable of opening and closing
in a hinge movement. A few permit limited nonadjustable
excursive-like movements.
• Type 2. (Arbitrary). This is designed to adapt to specific
theories of occlusion or is oriented to a specific technique.
• Type 3. (Average). This type is de signed to provide condylar
element guidance by means of averages, positional records
or mini-recorder systems. Most permit adjustments of both
horizontal and lateral guidance surfaces. Some type of
facebow can be used for maxillary cast orientation
• Type 4. (Special). This type is de signed and used primarily
for complete dentures.
• Class II (Type 1)
- The Barn Door Hinge
- Gariot
- Hageman Balancer
- Gysi
- Acme
- Bonwill
- Gysi Simplex and Adaptable
- The Centric Relator *Stephens (several models) *Crescent
(several models) *Trubyte Simplex *Twin Stage Occluder
• Class II (Type 2)
- Monson
- Handy II
- The. Correlator
- Transgraph *The Gnathic Relator *Verticulato
• Class II (Type 3)
- House
- Dentatus
- Hanau (several models)
- Whip-Mix (several models)
- Denar—Mark II and Omni model
- TM}—(Mechanical fossa and molded fossa models)
- Panadent
• Class II (Type 4)
-Stansbery Tripod
- Kile Dentograph
- Irish Dupli-Functional
 Riliani(1980) suggested
• Fully adjustable,
• Semi-adjustable and
• Non- adjustable.

• HEARTWELL PG 53

Rihani A. Classification of articulators. J Prosthet

 SEMI ADJUSTABLE
ARTICULATOR
• An articulator that allows adjustment
to simulate mandibular movements.
syn Class III articulator

-
GPT 9
 Face
bow

Can accept
following
records:

protrus centric
ive jaw
record. relation
 Bergstrom subclassified
semiadjustable articulators into:
• Arcon articulators
• Non-arcon articulators.
 ARCON ARTICULATOR
• An articulator that applies the arcon design; this
instrument maintains anatomic guidelines by the use of
condylar analogs in the mandibular element and fossae
assemblies within the maxillary element.

- GPT 9
 The Condylar Element /
This articulator analogue / sphere attached
resembles the TMJ. to – Lower
Member (Movable)

The Condylar
Guidance (Glenoid
“Arcon” term was Fossa) attached to –
derived by Upper /
Bergstrom Cranial Member
Ar- Articulator (immovable)
EG: hanau, whipmix,
denar, teledyne, ney And
Con- Condyle
• Bergstrom designed an instrument in 1950 called the Arcon, which is
similar to the Hanau H, except that the condyles are on the lower
member of the instrument, and the condylar guides are curved and on the
upper member (Figs. 10-10A and B). Bergstrom derived the name Arcon
from ARticulator and CONdyle.5 The term arcon is commonly used to
indicate an instrument that has its condyles on the lower member and the
condylar guides on the upper member. Instruments that have the
condyles on the upper member and condylar guides on the lower member,
for example Hanau Model H, are commonly referred to as condylar instru
ments or as nonarcon instruments.'’ Bergstrom’s instrument was not the
first arcon instrument, but he was the first to use the term arcon.
• One advantage of an arcon articulator is that the condyles
move in a relationship to their condylar housings that is
similar to the way the condyles move in relationship to the
glenoid fossae in the skull. This does seem to make
visualization and understanding of condylar movements
easier.
 NON ARCON ARTICULATOR
• Any articulator design in which the condylar element
(analog) is part of the upper member of the articulator
and may be used to simulate the 3D motions of the left
and right condylar compartments.
- GPT 9
 Snow Acme, 1910 (does not accept
lateral records);
• The Acme is an elaboration of the Snow, which was
designed in 1906.
• The Acme is available in three models to
accommodate three ranges of intercondylar
distance; the condylar paths are adjustable straight
paths, the incisal guide pins rest on a changeable
guide, and the Bennett movement is pro vided for,
but is not limited or capable of limitation to the
indications of a given patient. The Acme appears to
be the forerunner of the Class II, Type 3 articulators.
 Gysi Adaptable, 1910 (does not
accept lateral records
• The Gysi Adaptable articulator had been
introduced in 1908 .
• It was an advanced instrument at the
time, as it used extraoral graphic
tracings and a particular condylar path
plate.
• This instrument apparently was not
accepted by the profession; therefore,
the Gysi Simplex was introduced.
 Hanau H, 1922,
Wadsworth, 1924;
Gysi Trubyte, 1926
(does not accept the
intercondylar distance record);
 Hanau Model H
• It was designed by Rudolph Hanau, a mechanical
engineer in 1923.
• The articulator accepts a face-bow transfer, and
the horizontal condylar inclinations are set by
means of a protrusive interocclusal record.
• The condylar elements were on an axle and were
part of the upper frame. They were fixed at 110
mm.
• The condylar elements functioned in a slot type
guidance mechanism that was adjustable from -40
to + 80 degrees.
• The horizontal condylar inclinations were set by means of a
protrusive positional record. The side shift adjustments were
progressive in nature and range from 0 to 20 degrees.
• Hanau suggested the formula L = (H/8) + 12 (L = lateral
condylar angle i in degrees and H = horizontal condylar
inclination in degrees) to arrive at an acceptable side shift
angle.
• Hanau Model H, are commonly referred to as condylar
instruments or as nonarcon instruments.
• A face-bow was used to mount the maxillary cast. Instead of a
third refer ence point, the anterior part of the oc clusal plane
was centered to a reference line on the incisal guide pin.
 Trubyte articulator
• In 1926. a fairly sophisticated articulator for its time was
introduced by Gysi called the Trubyte articulator .
• It is a nonarcon instrument with a fixed intercondylar distance.
• The horizontal condylar inclinations are individually adjustable, and
individual Bennett adjustments are located near the center of the
intercondylar axis. The incisal guide table is adjusted to the patient’s
Gothic arch angle.
• This instrument is able to accept some, but not all, lateral
interocclusal records
House, 1927 (does not accept the intercondylar
distance record, satisfies Bonwill principles);

• The House articulator was developed

by M. M. House. It was adjusted with
maxillomandibular relation records
that use the Needles-House method.
• The instrument had a milling device for
occlusal adjustment after processing
the dentures that created a 40/100
inch elliptic area to the occlusion in the
intercuspal position
 DENTATUS
• It was designed in 1944 in Sweden.
• This articulator is unique in that the
relationship between the upper and low
er members can be standardized with a
“gauge block,” so that casts can be
transferred from one articulator to
another and still maintain the same
relationship.
HANAU WIDE VUE
ARTICULATOR
 WHY IS IT CALLED WIDE-VUE?

• The HANAU Wide-Vue

Articulators are classified as semi-
adjustable. They are of Arcon
principle, wherein the Condylar
Guidances are associated with the
Upper Articulator Member, as the
patient’s glenoid fossa is a portion
of the cranium.
• PARTS OF
Hanau’s‘ARCon’
articulator.
• (1) upper member,
• (2) lower member,
• (3) condylar
guidance,
• (4) incisal guidance,
• (5) incisal pin,
• (6) mounting plates,
• (7) condylar
elements,
• (8) orbital indicator.
 UPPER MEMBRANE

• It is T-shaped when placed horizontally.

• The vertical arm of the T runs antero-posteriorly and the
horizontal arm runs transversely.
• The anterior end of the vertical arm has a provision to accept the
incisal pin (incisal pin in a Hanau denotes the vertical rod
described in a mean value articulator) .
• The condylar guidance of the articulator is attached to the upper
member (transverse arm of T).On the center of the undersurface
of the upper member, dowels are present to attach a mounting
ring.
• Near the dowels, the orbital indicator is present.
• The orbital indicator is a curved metal shaft. It is the
anterior reference point for the articulator.
• The orbital pointer of the face-bow should contact the
orbital indicator during articulation. The position of the
orbital indicator can be locked using a thumbscrew.
 ORBITALE INDICATOR
• Some articulators are equipped with
an Orbitale Indicator. This “crescent”
represents the patient’s infra-orbitale
notch and is the anterior reference
landmark of the Frankfort Horizontal
Plane.
• When used with an Orbitale Pointer on
a Facebow it provides an anatomical
vertical orientation for the upper arch,
obviating the use of any average
reference lines on the Incisal Pin.
LOWER MEMBRANE
• It is V-shaped with a horizontal and a vertical arm.
• The horizontal arm is a rectangular metal strap. The center of the
lower member has a provision (dowel) for attaching a mounting ring
and also a stand or pivot. The pivot holds and prevents vertical
displacement of the upper occlusal rim during articulation (during
articulation, dental plaster is loaded on the maxillary cast and the
upper member of the articulator is pressed over it. This usually
pushes the occlusal rim down).
• The incisal guide table is located at the anterior end of the horizontal
arm .
• The vertical arms slope outward and give a good lingual view.

• The upper portion of the vertical arm contains a roll pin or

auditory pin. The rollpin is a small fixed metal pin which projects
on the outer surface of the vertical arm.
• The earpiece of the face-bow will fit into these rollpins during
articulation.
• It is the posterior reference point of the articulator.
• The condylar shaft is seen attached to the inner surface of the
vertical arm 12 to 13 mm anterior to the rollpin.
• The condylar shaft is a cylindrical piece of metal capable
of free rotation.
• The condylar element is attached to the free end of the
condylar shaft. The condylar element is a metal ball,
which represents the condyle of the mandible.
• The condylar element articulates with the condylar
guidance (slot or track) to represent the
temporomandibular joint
 CONDYLAR
GUIDANCE
• The Condylar Guidances are the control centers of the Articulator
and they adjustably assimilate the multiple function of the glenoid fossa.
• The Condylar Track may be adjustably inclined on the horizontal transverse
axis from a “zero” to a plus 60 degree or to a minus 20 degree.
• These inclinations are termed the protrusive inclination and simulate the
patient’s superior wall of the fossa.
• The Condylar Track may also be adjusted on the vertical axis from a “zero”
sagittal to 30˚. This angle is termed the progressive Bennett angle and
corresponds to the medial wall of the patient’s fossa.
 CONDYLAR
GUIDANCE
• It is attached to the upper member of the articulator.
• It represents the glenoid fossa of the temporomandibular joint,
its name suggests that it guides the movement of the condyle. It
is a very complex assembly of important components.
• It articulates with the condylar element of the lower member. It
can be rotated in both coronal and vertical axes . The condylar
guidance is a circular structure with a slot in the center.
• The condylar guidance is a circular
structure with a slot in the center. The
condylar element of the lower member
articulates with this slot (also called
condylar track . The condylar track can be
Closed track condylar guidance.
opened or closed. (1) Condylar element (lower
member);
(2) Condylar track; (3) Centric
• Closed track condylar guidance has a stop;
complete circular structure. (4) Condylar rim.

• Open track condylar guidance is not a

complete circle; the track opens out at
one side giving it a ‘U’ shape. Open tracks
facilitate easy removal and reattachment
• The inclination of the condylar track can be customized for each
patient. The actual path of the condyle can be measured using a
pantograph in three dimensions. The condylar track can be
rotated only in the coronal axis.
• The posterior end of the condylar track has a component known
as the centric stop. The condylar element should contact the
centric stop during articulation. The condylar guidance can be
rotated around the vertical axis to set the Bennett angle. Bennett
angle is determined by the following formula: Bennett angle (L) =
(H/8) + 12, where H is the protrusive angle. With the help of a
protrusive positional record, the horizontal angle is set on the
condylar guidance by rotating it. The lateral angle is calculated
with the above formula. The articulator is programmed by
adjusting the graduated scale on its superior surface.
 ADJUSTABLE
PROTRUSIVE-RETRUSIVE
• This micrometer adjustment permits the Condylar Element to be protruded 6 mm from centric or to be
retruded 3 mm from centric.
• An axial reference line transcribes the one mm spaced lines on the P-R Screw and a like line appears on the
Sleeve of the Guidance.
• Loosen the Thumbscrew at medial side of the Guidance and rotate the P-R Screw to abut the wide “zero”
centric line with the Sleeve end. This centric position is then exactingly refined by aligning both axial lines
as with a micrometer.
• Protrusion or retrusion of the Condylar Element can be fractionally adjusted by selective rotation of this P-R
Screw. One full turn of the one millimeter pitch Screw equals 1 mm protrusion or retrusion. 1 ⁄2 turn equals
1 ⁄2 mm, 1 ⁄4 turn equals 1 ⁄4 mm and 1 ⁄8 turn equals 1 ⁄8 mm.
• This 1 ⁄8 turn equals .005 inch and may be equated with a recognized dimension of the .004 inch (.1 mm)
thick U.S. dollar bill.
• Security of this adjustment is made by tightening the Thumbscrew lock at the medial of the guidance. The
micrometer adjustment may be returned to this exacting centric position at any time.
 CENTRIC LOCK

• Engagement of a Centric Lock depresses a Centric Pin,

causing it to arrest the Condylar Element at the centric
position. When locked, the Upper Member is restricted to
an opening and closing movement only. Releasing the
Centric Lock two full turns will disengage the Centric Pin
and return the Element’s freedom of movement in the
Condylar Track.
 CONDYLAR SHAFTS

• The Condylar Shafts adjustably slide in the “wings” of the

Lower Member. They have been factory fixed by
Setscrews when their brass shoulders rest against the
flatted sides of the Condylar Elements at the “zero”
centric position. A resilient Bumper will protectively stop
the Upper Member and rest against the “Wing” of the
Lower Member when fully opening the Articulator.
 ADJUSTABLE INCISAL GUIDE
• The Hanau Wide Vue has a customizable incisal guide table.
• The Adjustable Incisal Guide provides an independent adjustment of
anterior guidance. It cooperates with the Incisal Pin and Condylar
Guidances to present a stable, three-dimensional programmed guide
pattern for the mounted casts.
• The platform of the articulator forms the base of the incisal table. The
adjustable incisal guide table rests on top of the platform. The incisal
guide table alone is a small rectangular strip of metal.
• The slope of the incisal guide can be changed in the
anteroposterior direction.
• It is locked in position with a lock nut placed under the plat
form. During articulation, the incisal guide table should be flat
and the incisal pin should be at its center .
• The Incisal Guide rotates antero-posteriorly from a horizontal
“zero” degree to a 60 degree positive inclination of protrusion
which is then secured by the small Locknut.
• The central guiding table is 5.56 mm wide and forms the
inclined surface for the protrusive guidance of the Incisal Pin.
 Separately adjustable Lateral Wings elevate by a
Thumbscrew from a “zero” horizontal to a 45 degree incline
and are fixed by a Thumbnut. The calibrations are very small
and serve only as a reference.

 An anterior slot, in the Lower Member, allows repositioning

of the Incisal Guide. Adjust and lock the Guide at a “zero”
horizontal and slightly loosen the Platform Lockscrew. Slide
the Platform antero-posteriorly to align the chisel end of the
Incisal Pin with the “zero” indicating line on the Lateral
Wings.

 This adjustment will place the Incisal Pin contact on the

rotational center of the Guide, thereby maintaining the
vertical dimension when adjusting the inclination for
protrusion.

 Loosening the Platform Lockscrew one turn will allow the

Incisal Guide Assembly to be withdrawn from or returned to
Procedure for setting the incisal
guidance
 Incisal Pin

• It is a double-sided pin. One end is sharp but chisel-like with a flat edge. The other
end tapers to a pointed tip.
• Usually, the flat end is used. The pointed, end is used in cases where more
customization of the incisal guidance is required like in fully adjustable
articulators. The flat end should rest on the center of the incisal guide table.
• The incisal pin has series of markings closely placed in one end and two widely
spaced markings in the other end.
• The upper member of the articulator should be at the level of the darkest marking
of the close markings.
• The spaced-out markings act as the anterior reference point in the absence of face-
bow transfer .
• Coinciding with the Condylar Shaft adjustments is an
alignment of the chisel edge of the Incisal Pin with the central
table of the Incisal Guide.
• The Incisal Pin serves as the forward control of the
Articulator. It cooperatively maintains a vertical stop and
provides a stylus contact for the excursive movements of the
Articulator against the various inclined guiding surfaces of
the Incisal Guide. A mid-line groove is cut in the Incisal Pin
about one inch from the spherical tip. Five additional lines
calibrated in millimeters extend on either side thereof. These
lines are used for recording or altering the vertical dimension
• The Incisal Pin is inserted into, and the wider mid-line of these
metric grooves is aligned with, the top edge of the Upper Member.
It is secured by the Thumbscrew bearing against the flatted side
on the Pin. This adjustment places the chisel end at 90 degrees to
and in contact with the central table of the Incisal Guide and
provides a parallelism of the Upper Member to the Lower Member.
Two annular grooves, Figure 7, appear on the Incisal Pin at 37 and
54 mm below the Frankfort Horizontal Plane. These grooves form
arbitrary vertical landmarks for alignment of the incisal edge of
the maxillary centrals when making a Facebow transfer.
• The 37 mm line is based in part on the Bonwil Triangle and
results in a generally horizontal appearing plane of occlusion.
The 54 mm line forms an average landmark for alignment of
the incisal edge of the upper centrals when making a Facebow
transfer. This reference line is based on the research study by
Frank R. Lauciello, D.D.S., and Marc Appelbaum, D.D.S.,
“Anatomic Comparison to Arbitrary Reference Notch on
Hanau™ Articulators,” Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry,
December 1978, Volume 40, Number 6, Pages 676-681. The
Incisal Pin extends beyond the top of the Upper Member and
provides a third point of stability when inverting the Articulator
for mandibular cast mounting. The spherical tip of this Incisal
Pin serves as the Dual-End and is useful for fabricating
customized acrylic anterior guide tables.
 MOUNTING PLATES

• Mounting plates are used to lute the upper and lower casts to the Upper and
Lower Articulator Members by the means of a gypsum material.
• These non-warping metal Plates contain two elongated and tapering luting
slots for a secure adherence of the gypsum mounting. At their center is a
domed brass insert which is internally threaded for attachment to the Upper
or Lower Member.
• Longitudinally disposed to the luting slots and on the center plane of the
insert is a keyway and a dowel hole which register over two Dowels in the
Upper and Lower Member.
• The Dowels cooperatively assist a threaded Thumbscrew which securely and
accurately attaches the Mounting Plate.
 ARTICULATOR PREPARATION
• .A. Adjust the protrusive inclination of both Condylar Guidances to 30 degrees
and tighten the Thumbnuts, Figure 16. Note that the calibrations for these
angles appear on both sides of the Guidance housing and that the Right and
Left can be seen and adjusted from the same side of the Articulator.
• B. Adjust the Bennett Angles of both Condylar Guidances at 30 degrees and
tighten their thumbnuts.
• C. Adjust the Incisal Pin to align the mid-line calibration to the top edge of
the Upper Member.
• D. Adjust the Incisal Guide to a “zero” degree and tighten the small Locknut.
• E. Slide the Platform to align the Incisal Pin contact over the “zero” indicating line on Guidance
and tighten Platform Lockscrew.
• F. Articulators with Protrusive-Retrusive feature ONLY: Items in Footnote 1 must be adjusted to
a “zero” centricRelease the Centric Locks and the Thumbscrews at the medial site of the
Condylar Guidances. Adjust both P-R Screws to abut the “zero” centric line (widest, most
prominent and seventh from end) with the edge of the Sleeve. Refine this “zero” centric
position by aligning the micrometer reference line on the P-R Screw with the “zero” line on the
Sleeve. Secure the “zero” centric adjustment by tightening the Thumbscrews at the medial
side. If the Articulator Condylar Shafts were adjusted on a previous case, they must be
realigned to their original position. Loosen the two Setscrews with the Allen Wrench. Slide the
Condylar Shafts to contact their brass shoulders with the flatted sides of the “zero” centric
positioned Condylar Elements – without binding or perceptible side-shift. The chisel end of the
Incisal Pin must exactly coincide with the central table of the Incisal Guide (reference Figure
6). Tighten the Setscrews to secure the Condylar Shafts in this position
• G. Tighten the Centric Locks, Figure 16, to restrict the
Articulator to opening and closing movements only.
• H. Apply a thin coating of petroleum jelly to all surfaces of
the Articulator that will be exposed to the stone mounting
media.
• I. Firmly attach a Mounting Plate to the Upper Member.
 HANAU 130-28
• The 130-28 model is an arcon checkbite
articulator.
• It is suggested for standard fixed and
removable partial prosthodontic situations.
• It has an intercondylar width adjustment
capability of 94 to 150 mm.
• Condylar inclination adjustments of 0 to 60
degrees and lateral adjustment of 0 to 40
degrees.
 BIO-ART ARTICULATOR
• Bio-Art semi-adjustable articulators are conventional
Arcon-type instruments.
• Models :-
1) 4000-S,
2) A7Plus and
3) A7 Fix.
 PARTICULARITIES OF THE BIO-
ART ARTICULATORS
• • Interchangeable joints (optional)
• • The interchangeable articulators are supplied
standardized (factory calibrated), so that the plaster
models can be interchanged (transferred) between these
articulators. Only the 4000-S model cannot be supplied
standardized.
THE THREE MODELS
ACESSORIES
4000-S ARTICULATOR - PARTS LIST
• Bio-Art articulators do not offer interchangeability, i.e.
dental arch models mounted on one articulator must not
be transferred (mounted) to any other articulator.
Therefore, Bio-Art does not guarantee accuracy for this
procedure with these articulators.
• The Whip-Mix Articulator was introduced in 1963. It was
designed by Dr. Charles Stuart.
• The basic Whip-Mix articulator is an arcon articulator, as the
condylar controls are attached to the upper member of the
articulator .

WHIP MIX
ARTICULATOR
• It was designed by Charles Stuart in 1955 so that
restorative dentistry could be accomplished with greater
precision without the use of very expensive equipment or
more time- consuming techniques.
• The intercondylar distance is adjustable to three positions:
small (S), 96 mm; medium (M), 110 mm; and large (L),
124 mm; by means of removable condylar guidance
spacers along the instrument’s horizontal axis.
• A facebow transfer may be utilized for mounting the
maxillary cast. The horizontal condylar inclinations are set
by means of lateral or protrusive interocclusal records.
• The amount of Bennett movement is set by means of a
lateral interocclusal record. The articulator is available
either with a mechanical incisal guide table, adjustable in
both sagittal and frontal planes, or with a plastic incisal
guide table that can be individually customized.
• The upper and lower members are mechanically attached
by means of a spring latch assembly .
• There are two different face-bows that can be utilized with the Whip-Mix
articulator.
 They are the Quick Mount or earpiece face-bow and
 The adjustable axis or kinematic face-bow.

• The ear piece face-bow is most commonly used for complete dentures. The
earpiece face-bow may be obtained with either hex driver adjustments or
hand-tightening T screw adjustments.
• The adjustable axis face-bow is most commonly used with fixed prosthodontic
procedures or when the patient’s hinge or true horizontal axis must be
located. This is the axis around which the mandible may rotate without
translation. In order to accurately transfer the hinge axis of a patient with an
adjustable axis face-bow, the articulator must be equipped with hinge axis
transfer fixtures that have extendible condylar axis pins. The condylar parts
and housings must be re moved before the hinge axis transfer fixtures can be
attached .
• The adjustable axis pins must be extended to meet the hinge axis
face-bow to transfer the true hinge axis. If the adjustable axis pins
are not extended, then the patient’s true hinge axis would be lost,
since it is assumed that the adjustable axis face-bow is not
mounted on the patient symmetrically. When the adjustable axis
face-bow is not symmetric, then the styli are located on the hinge
axis but are not parallel to the hinge axis. With any extension of
the styli, they will no longer be located on the hinge axis.
Therefore, the hori zontal axis of the articulator must be extended
to meet the styli to accurately transfer the hinge axis.
• The earpiece face-bow utilizes the external auditory canals as posterior reference
points (Fig. 10-54A). The relationship of the external auditory canals to the
horizontal axis is assumed to be relatively constant. The earpieces are placed in the
external auditory canals when ad justing the face-bow to the patient. The patient’s
approximate intercondylar distance is deter mined from the scale on the front of the
face- bow as S, M, or L, indicating a small, medium, or large intercondylar distance
(Fig. 10-54B). When transferring the face-bow to the articula tor, the condylar
elements must be located and the proper spacers utilized, depending on whether
the patient’s intercondylar distance is S, M, or L (Figs. 10-55A-C). The earpieces are
seated on the pins on the condylar housings (Fig. 10-56A). The pins are related to
the articu lator’s horizontal axis in the same way that the patient’s external auditory
canals relate to the patient’s horizontal axis (Fig. 10-56B).
 The Whip Mix Model 8500

• The condylar elements that are present on the lower member can be adjusted to three
positions. The narrowest intercondylar position is 96 mm, the intermediate distance is 110
mm, and the widest distance is 124 mm.

• The condylar guides in the upper frame are aligned with the condylar elements of the lower
frame by either removing or adding the appropriate number of spacers on the shaft of the
condylar guides. The condylar guides are adjustable from a 0° to 70°. The medial walls can be
adjusted from 0° to 45° to provide a progressive side shift
 The Whip Mix Model 8800

• In this instrument there is an extra ½ inch space for the mounting of maxillary cast. It is
useful in conditions with extremely steep occlusal plane or in the presence of any osseous
defect of the maxilla.

• Model 9800 is a combination of the upper member of model 8800 and lower member of
model 9000.

• This provides greater distance between the upper and the lower members. It has a condylar
locking screws, a centering guide pin, and the condylar elements are fixed at 110 mm.
 Whip Mix Model 8340

• It offers a modified version of the model 8300 articulator that allows

interchangeability of casts between articulators.

• Every articulator is manufactured with a specific mounting plate table

attached to its lower member with a specific fixture called the Accumount.
The relationship between the upper and lower frames is then individually
checked to verify precise alignment.
• The Whip-Mix articulator is equipped either with a mechanical incisal
guide table or a plastic incisal guide table that can be individually
customized with auto polymerizing resin. The mechanical incisal guide
table has a single sagittal adjustment and right and left frontal
adjustments. The adjustments are made to compensate for the amount of
horizontal and vertical overlap incorporated in the anterior arrangement
of the denture teeth. The setting of the incisal guide table protects the
anterior teeth from dislodgment when arranging the posterior teeth. The
sagittal inclination is determined by bringing the central incisors into an
end-to-end relationship, while the frontal adjustments are determined by
bringing the cuspids into an end- to-end relationship.
 CONCLUSION
• Numerous articulators are available for the fabrication of dental restorations.
Some are very simple in design with limited movements, while others are very
complex with numerous attachments and adjustments.
• There is considerable controversy as to which articulator is “best” for a particular
dental procedure. Often, this controversy becomes quite emotional, to the point
where strong allegiances to a particular instrument and its recommended
technique are developed. Yet, the success or failure of the final restoration is more
dependent on the operator of the articulator than on the articulator itself.
• The late Carl O. Boucher summed up the articulator controversy by stating, “It
must be recognized that the person operating the instrument is more important
than the instrument. If dentists understand articulators and their deficiencies, they
can compensate for their inherent inadequacies.
REFERENCES
• THANK YOU