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Templates and Exception Handling

The document discusses the concepts of generic functions and classes in C++, which allow for the creation of algorithms that can operate on various data types. It also covers exception handling, detailing how to manage run-time errors using try, catch, and throw keywords, as well as handling exceptions thrown by memory allocation. Additionally, it includes exercises to implement a templated Stack class, a MathOperation class with error handling, and a custom exception class for negative values.

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Tayef Shahriar
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5 views

Templates and Exception Handling

The document discusses the concepts of generic functions and classes in C++, which allow for the creation of algorithms that can operate on various data types. It also covers exception handling, detailing how to manage run-time errors using try, catch, and throw keywords, as well as handling exceptions thrown by memory allocation. Additionally, it includes exercises to implement a templated Stack class, a MathOperation class with error handling, and a custom exception class for negative values.

Uploaded by

Tayef Shahriar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Templates and Exception Handling

Contents
• Generic functions

• Generic classes

• Exception handling

• More about exception handling

• Handling exceptions thrown by new

• Exercises
Generic Functions
• Using templates, it is possible to create generic functions and classes.

• A generic function defines a general set of operations that will be applied to various
data types.

• By creating a generic function, you can define, independent of any data, the nature of
the algorithm.

• In essence, when you create a generic function you are creating a function that can
automatically overload itself.

• A generic function is created using the keyword template.

• It is used to create template (or framework) that describes what a function will do.
Generic Classes
• In addition to defining generic functions, you can also define generic
classes.

• When you do this, you create a class that defines all algorithms used by that
class, but the actual type of the data being manipulated will be specified as a
parameter when objects of that class are created.

• Generic classes are useful when a class contains generalizable logic.

• Member functions of a generic class are, themselves, automatically generic.


They need not be explicitly specified as such using template.
Exception Handling
• C++ provides a built-in error handling mechanism that is called exception handling.

• Using exception handling, you can more easily manage and respond to run-time
errors.

• C++ exception handling is built upon three keywords: try, catch, and throw.

• If an exception (i.e., an error) occurs within the try block, it is thrown (using
throw). The exception is caught, using catch, and processed.

• The try block must contain the portion of your program that you want to monitor
for errors.
More About Exception Handling
• In some circumstances you will want an exception handler to catch all
exceptions instead of just a certain type. This is easy to accomplish. Simply
use this form of catch:
catch(…){
//process all exceptions

• You can control what type of exceptions a function can throw outside of itself.

• To apply these restrictions, you must add a throw clause to the function
definition.
Handling Exceptions Thrown By new
• In C++, when an allocation request cannot be honored, new throws a
bad_alloc exception.

• If you don’t catch this exception, your program will be terminated.

• To have access to this exception, you must include header <new> in your
program.
Exercises
• Create a templated Stack class that can store elements of any data type (e.g.,
int, double, string). Implement push, pop, and top functions. Test it with
various data types.

• Create a class MathOperation that has a method for dividing two numbers.
Use exception handling to catch and handle the division by zero error.

• Design a custom exception class called NegativeValueException. Use it to


handle situations where a negative value is not allowed, like in a class that
represents a bank account balance.

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