METAMATERIALS
~Beyond conventional
Physics
Yogita J S
2201711083015
Group 8
Introduction
• Artificially engineered materials - to manipulate
electromagnetic , acoustic or thermal waves.
• Properties - from the geometric structuring at
subwavelength scales
• Defy Classical Physics - negative refractive index, cloaking,
superlensing
HISTORY
Theoretical Experimental Experimental
Foundations Idea Realisation
Victor Veselago David Smith John Pendry
1967 2000 2000
01 Negative Refractive Index
02 Superlensing
PROPERTIES
03 Electromagnetic Cloaking
04 Enhanced Absorption
1. NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE
INDEX
• In Conventional Materials :
Light - Snell's law
Poynting Vector and Propagation Vector -
same bbbdirection
• In Metamaterials : Permittivity and
Permeability - negative
Light - does not obey Snell's law
Poynting Vector and Propagation Vector -
same bbbdirection - Left
Handed Waves
2. SUPERLENSING
EFFECT
• Conventional lenses - cannot resolve details
smaller than half the wavelength - due to the
decay of evanescent waves.
• Evanescent waves - carry high resolution detail
but fade away quickly.
• Metamaterials - amplify evanescent waves -
thus even the tiniest details can be captured.
• This is the principle behind the "SUPERLENS" -
which breaks the diffraction limit.
3. ELECTROMAGNETIC
CLOAKING
• Cloaking - ability of metamaterials to bend
light around an object - making it effectively
invisible.
• Based on - Transformation Optics - where light
is guided to pass around an object without
scattering
• The refractive index of the Metamaterials - is
engineered to vary spatially - which enables
light to bypass the object and continue along
its original path.
• The object invisible because light doesn’t
4. ENHANCED ABSORPTION
• Metamaterials - trap and absorb more
electromagnetic energy than
traditional materials - Enhanced
Absorption
• Achieved by - resonant structures -
interact and trap light efficiently at
specific frequencies
STRUCTURES
• Metamaterials - made of repeating artificial unit cells - meta atoms - that are
smaller than the wavelength of the waves they manipulate.
• The properties of Metamaterials - come from the Structure - not the Chemical
composition
Split-Ring Resonators Wire Arrays Gradient-Index Metamaterials
(SRRs)
Tiny metallic loops with gaps, Arrangements of thin metallic wires Structures where the refractive
designed to generate an artificial that create negative permittivity index gradually changes to bend
magnetic response. light smoothly (used in cloaking
Applications &
Future Prospects
Current On-Going
• Applicationsimaging –
Super-resolution Research
• Quantum metamaterials –
Capturing nanoscale details
Controlling quantum states via
beyond optical limits.
structured materials.
• Metamaterial antennas –
• Space metamaterials –
5G, satellite, and military
Lightweight, heat-resistant
communications.
materials for space tech.
• Stealth technology – Radar-
• Wireless power transfer –
invisible aircraft and ships.
Improving efficiency for
• Solar panels – Enhanced light
wireless charging.
absorption for maximum
efficiency.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamaterial
Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations
Book by Nader Engheta and Richard W. Ziolkowski
https://metamaterial.com/technologies/
metamaterials-and-functional-surfaces/
https://metamaterials.network/what-are-
metamaterials/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/
engineered-metamaterials-can-trick-light-and-
sound-into-mind-bending-behavior/
THANK
YOU!
