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1. Cell Organelles Lesson1 Sem

The document provides an overview of various cell organelles, including the nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, cilia, and centrioles, highlighting their structures and functions. It also compares plant and animal cells, noting key differences such as the presence of a cell wall and chloroplasts in plant cells. Additionally, it discusses the role of organelles in processes like protein synthesis and photosynthesis.

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2 views

1. Cell Organelles Lesson1 Sem

The document provides an overview of various cell organelles, including the nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, cilia, and centrioles, highlighting their structures and functions. It also compares plant and animal cells, noting key differences such as the presence of a cell wall and chloroplasts in plant cells. Additionally, it discusses the role of organelles in processes like protein synthesis and photosynthesis.

Uploaded by

fippi31
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Interesting Animation

Inner Life of the Cell


The nucleus
• The nuclear envelope
• Nuclear pores
• Nucleoplasm
• Chromatin
• The nucleolus
The nucleus:
Acts as the control centre of the cell through the
production of mRNA and protein synthesis
Retains the genetic material of the cell in the form of
DNA / chromosomes.
Nucleolus..Manufacture rRNA and ribosomes
Start the process of cell division.
Chloroplasts
Role in photosynthesis.

• The chloroplast envelope


• The stroma
• The grana
• Starch grains
The mitochondrion
• Double membrane
• Cristae (stalked
elementary particles)
• The matrix (Krebs cycle)
Endoplasmic reticulum
• RER
• SER
• Cisternae
Ribosomes
Found in all cells.
Role in protein synthesis
80S type = eukaryotic cells
70S type = prokaryotic cells

Composed of proteins and RNA


2 sub-units.
One large and one small.
Golgi apparatus
• Similar to SER in structure.
• Flattened stacks of cisternae.
• Modifies proteins from E.R.

Labels them with receptors, which


directs them to their correct
destination. Surface view

Modified protein transported in vesicles


Lysosomes
• Formed when vesicles
produced from the golgi
apparatus include within
them enzymes (e.g.
Proteases, lipases)
• Up to 1.0 μm in diameter
• Isolate potentially
harmful enzymes from
rest of cell.
Cilia
• Threads which extend
from cell surface.
• 3-4 μm long, could be
up to 10 μm. they are
0.2 μm in diameter.
• Basal body embedded
in cytoplasm
• Basal body contains 9
sets of 3 microtubules.
Centrioles
• Found in almost all animal cells.
• NOT in plant cells
• 0.5 μm in length and 0.2 μm in diameter.
• Internal structure = 9 sets of 3 microtubules
• 2 in each cell. Lie at right angles to one
another near the nucleus
Cellulose Cell Wall

Made of cellulose ( a polysaccharide)


Several layers.
Permeable
Flexible
Provides strength and support
Pores filled with cytoplasm between
adjacent cells called plasmadesmata
allow movement of materials between
cells
Comparing plant and animal cells
Animal cells Plant cells
• No cell wall • Cell wall with pits and
• No chloroplasts plasmodesmata.
• Vacuoles if present – small • Chloroplasts present
and scattered. • Large single vacuole.
• Cytoplasm present • Cytoplasm – thin layer
throughout the cell confined to edge of cell.
• Nucleus anywhere in cell, • Nucleus at edge of cell
but often central. • No centrioles in higher
• Centrioles present plants
• Cilia or undulipodia often • No cilia or undulipodia in
present higher plants.
• Glycogen granules used for • Starch grains used for storage
storage
Identifying cell organelles

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