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The document discusses compound bars made of multiple materials that share the same deformation under load. It provides equations for calculating stress and load distribution in composite materials, along with illustrative problems involving concrete and steel columns, and a steel rod within a copper tube. The document includes detailed calculations for stress and deformation in various scenarios.

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Jabbar Aljanaby
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

ch2.1

The document discusses compound bars made of multiple materials that share the same deformation under load. It provides equations for calculating stress and load distribution in composite materials, along with illustrative problems involving concrete and steel columns, and a steel rod within a copper tube. The document includes detailed calculations for stress and deformation in various scenarios.

Uploaded by

Jabbar Aljanaby
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER TWO

COMPOUND BARS
Material(2)
L1 L2
Material(1)

W
A compound bar is one which is made of two or more than
two materials rigidly fixed, so that they sustain together an
externally applied load. In such cases
(i) Change in length in all the materials are same.
(ii) Applied load is equal to sum of the loads carried by eachbar.
(dL)1 = (dL)2
(σ1/ E1)L1 = (σ2 /E2)L2

σ1 = σ2 ×( E1/E2)(L1/L2) (1)

E1/E2 is called modular ratio

Total load = load carried by material (1) + load carried by


material(2)
W = σ1 A1 + σ2 A2
(2)

From Equation (1) & (2) σ1 and σ2 can be calculated


Illustrative Problems
Q.7.1 A load of 300KN is supported by a short concrete
column 250mm square. The column is strengthened by
4 steel bars in corners with total c/s area of 4800mm2.
If Es=15Ec, find the stress in steel and concrete.

If the stress in concrete not to exceed 4MPa,


find the area of steel required so that the column can
support a load of 600KN.
Steel
Case(i)
As = 4800mm2

250mm Ac = (250× 250) – 4800


= 57,700 mm2

250mm W = σs As + σc Ac
300 × 103 = 15 σc × 4800 + σc× 57,700
Deformation is same
(dL)s = (dL)c σc = 2.31 N/mm2
(σs / Es )× Ls = (σc / Ec)× Lc σs = 15σc
σs / 15Ec= σc/Ec = 15 x 2.31
σs = 15σc (1) = 34.69N/mm2
Case (ii)

W= σs As + σc Ac

600× 103 = 15 σc × As + σc Ac

600 × 103 = (15 × 4) As + 4 (250 × 250 – As)

As = 6250 mm2
Q.7.2 A mild steel rod 5 mm diameter passes centrally through
a copper tube of internal diameter 25mm and thickness
4mm. The composite section is 600mm long and their
ends are rigidly connected. It is then acted upon by an
axial tensile load of 50kN. Find the stresses &
deformation in steel and copper. Take Ecu = 100GPa, Es =
200GPa
Steel
5mm Since deformation are same
Copper (dL)s = (dL)cu
25mm (σs / Es)×Ls =( σcu / Ecu )× Lcu
600mm σs / (200 × 103 )= σcu / (100 ×
103)
33mm
σs = 2 σcu
50KN W = σs As+ σcu Acu
50 × 103=2σcu ×( π/4) (5)2 + σcu × π/4 [(33)2 – (25)2]
σcu = 123.86N/mm2
σs = 247.72 N/mm2
(dL)s = (σs / Es )× Ls (dL)s =[247.72/(200 ×103)] ×600
=0.74mm
= (dL)cu
Q.7.3 Three vertical rods AB, CD, EF are hung from rigid
supports and connected at their ends by a rigid horizontal
bar. Rigid bar carries a vertical load of 20kN. Details of the
bar are as follows:
(i) Bar AB :- L=500mm, A=100mm2, E=200GPa
(ii) Bar CD:- L=900mm, A=300mm2, E=100GPa
(iii) Bar EF:- L=600mm, A=200mm2, E=200kN/mm2
If the rigid bar remains horizontal even after loading,
determine the stress and elongation in each bar.
Soluti C
on: F
A 600mm
500mm 900mm

B D E
20kN
Deformations are same
(dL)AB = (dL)CD = (dL)EF
(σAB / EAB) × LAB = (σCD / ECD) × LCD = (σEF / EEF) × LEF

[σAB/(200 ×103)]× 500 =[σCD /(100 ×103)] ×900= [σEF /(200× 103 )] × 600

σAB = 3.6× σCD, σEF = 3× σCD


W = (σAB× AAB ) + (σCD ×ACD) + (σEF ×AEF)

20 × 103 = (3.6 × σCD × 100) + (σCD × 300) + (3σCD ×


200)
σCD = 15.87N/mm2
σAB = 3.6 × 15.87 = 57.14N/mm2
σEF = 3 × 15.87 = 47.61N/mm2

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