Faculty Of Computer Science

Database Management System

Lecturer: Lutfullah Haqnesar

Chapter One

Introduction
 Agenda
 Data
 Information
 Database
 Database Management System
 Advantages and disadvantages of DBMS
 Application of DBMS
 RDBMS
 Database Users
What is Database Management System?
 What is data?

• Word 'Data' means 'single piece of information.'

• Data refers to raw, unprocessed facts and figures.

• It is the basic building block of information and can exist in various

forms, such as numbers, text, images, or symbols.

• It can be stored in pieces of paper or electronic memory, etc.

 What is Information?

• Information is data that has been processed, organized, or interpreted to provide

meaning, context, and relevance.

Characteristics:

• Processed: Information results from organizing, analyzing, or summarizing data.

• Meaningful: Information carries meaning and context, providing insights or

understanding.
 What is Database?

• The database is a collection of inter-related data which is used to

retrieve, insert and delete the data efficiently.
• It is also used to organize the data in the form of a table, views, and
reports, etc.
• For example:
• The university Database organizes the data about the admin, staff, students
and faculty etc.
• Using the database, you can easily retrieve, insert, and delete the
information.
 Database Management System

• Database management system is a software which is used to manage the

database.
• DBMS provides an interface to perform various operations like database
creation, storing data in it, updating data, creating a table in the
database and a lot more.
• It provides protection and security to the database.
• There are many popular database which is used in different
applications like MySQL, Oracle, MongoDB, PostgreSQL, SQL Server,
etc.
 Database Management System

DBMS allows users the following tasks:

1. Data Definition: It is used for creation, modification, and removal of
definition that defines the organization of data.
2. Data Updation: It is used for the insertion, modification, and deletion
of the actual data.
3. Data Retrieval: It is used to retrieve the data from the database.
4. User Administration: It is used for registering users, maintain data
integrity, data security and recovering information corrupted.
 Advantages of DBMS
Controls database redundancy: Because it stores all the data in one single
database file.
Data sharing: The authorized users of an organization can share the data
among multiple users.
Easily Maintenance: It can be easily maintainable due to the centralized nature
of the database system.
Reduce time: It reduces development time and maintenance need.
Backup: It provides automatic backup of data and recovery.
multiple user interface: It provides different types of user interfaces like GUI,
application program interfaces
 Disadvantages of DBMS
Cost of Hardware and Software: It requires a high speed data processor
and large memory size to run DBMS.
Size: It occupies a large space of disks and large memory to run them.
Complexity: Database system creates additional complexity and
requirements.
Higher impact of failure: if the database is damaged due to electric
failure or database corruption then the data may be lost forever.
Application of DBMS
 Application of DBMS

In variety of fields, we will use a database management system, some examples

can be:
Library Management System − Now-a-days it’s become easy in the Library to
track each book and maintain it because of the database.
Banking − Banking is one of the main applications of databases.
Universities and colleges
Social Media Sites − All the information related to the users are stored and
maintained with the help of DBMS.
Railway Reservation System − The railway reservation system database plays
a very important role by keeping record of ticket booking information.
 Application of DBMS

Finance − like storing sales, holding information and finance statement, etc.
Military − Military keeps records of soldiers and it has so many files that
should be kept secure and safe.
Online Shopping − Now-a-days we all do Online shopping without wasting the
time by going shopping with the help of DBMS.
Human Resource Management − The management keeps records of each
employee’s salary, tax and work through DBMS.
Manufacturing − Manufacturing companies make products and sell them on a
daily basis. To keep records of all those details DBMS is used.
What is RDBMS?
 RDBMS

• RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.

• The RDBMS is a software used to store, manage, and retrieve data stored
in a relational database.
• A relational database is the most commonly used database. It contains
several tables, and each table has number of rows and columns.
• All modern database management systems like SQL, SQL Server, IBM
DB2, Oracle, My-SQL, and Microsoft Access are based on RDBMS.
 What is table/ Relation?

• The RDBMS database uses tables to store data.

• A table is a collection of related data entries and contains rows and
columns to store data.
• Each table represents some real-world objects such as person, place, or
event about which information is collected.
 What is a Row?

• A row of a table is also called a record or tuple. It contains the specific

information of each entry in the table.
• It is a horizontal entity in the table.
• All tuples of the relation have the same format and the same number of
entries.
Example:

ID Name AGE COURSE

1 Ajeet 24 B.Tech
 What is a column/ attribute

• A column is a vertical entity in the table which contains

Name
all information associated with a specific field in a table.
Ajeet
• Every attribute of a relation must have a name. Aryan
• Attributes that uniquely identify each tuple of a relation Mahesh
Ratan
are the primary key.
Vimal
• For example, "name" is a column in the below table.
 What is data?

• The smallest unit of data in the table is the individual data item. It is stored
at the intersection of tuples and attributes.

ID Name AGE COURSE

1 Ajeet 24 B.Tech
2 aryan 20 C.A
3 Mahesh 21 BCA
4 Ratan 22 MCA
5 Vimal 26 BSC
 Database Users

1. End Users:
• These users doesn't have information about the stature of database and
doesn’t need to know.
2. Sophisticated user:
• They can access the data through application and also direct mostly they
are top management people.
3. Database Administrator(DBA):
• A person who has central control over data and programs that access this
data.
 Functions of DBA

Schema Definition:
• It is the responsibility of designer and designer maybe a different person or
maybe DBA it is depend on the skills of organization but commonly it is
the responsibility of DBA.

Granting data access:

• Which user can access which data and which user can not access this data
and which type access the user have this things will be define by DBA.
END OF CHAPTER